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Friday, May 31, 2019

Martin Luther King Jr. :: essays research papers

After the Birmingham, Alabama newspaper published The Public Statement by Eight Alabama Clergymen duty Martin Luther facultyiness Jr.s activities inexpedient and untimely, top executive wrote a response back from jail arguing each point the clergymen had made in their Public Statement. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King points erupt that he is not an outsider since the people of Birmingham invited him and that since they are all within the United States, nobody should be even considered an outsider. Being a fighter of injustice, King says, he sought to negotiate with the white community of Birmingham, but they refused to comply. Then, he illustrates to them that the tension amongst the groups is many times good because it leads to action and negotiation. He further explains that calling the actions of Negroes unwise and untimely is denying them justice, which they have been waiting for too long. Moreover, King explains that laws can be just and unjust, and that he will on ly obey just laws that acquiesce with the moral code and disobey laws that do not unlike the white churches, which permit prejudice and hate even though they should preach brotherhood and love. Lastly, King points out that Negroes will win their freedom in the end because it is their right and Gods will. To argue his points in the Letter King uses each of the iii rhetorical appeals ethos, pathos, and logos. In this essay, I will try to prove that one appeal is more effective than the rest, but first in order to assistance one understand what these appeals mean, I will use Arthur Quinns definitions of what the three appeals entail. The first appeal, the ethos, tries to persuade an audience to agree with an argument by using the write up and character of the speaker or writer. For instance, a well-liked political leader might hold a strong ethos in the eyes of his constituents, and therefore his opinions on issues might convince his constituents to hold the same opinions whether o r not they know anything about the issue. In contrast, the pathos appeal try ons to persuade an audience by targeting their emotions in attempt to gain their sympathy for the argument. An example of this appeal can be seen in TV commercials fundraising money for impoverished children. The final appeal, the logos, attempts to persuade an audience using logic and good reasoning.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

No School Should Usurp the Rights of Any Student Essays -- Teaching Ed

No School Should Usurp the Rights of Any StudentChildren are forced to go to school. This has been the way for a great time. School is a place where students go to learn a curriculum given by government officials. They are non there to get their rights taken away from them. Although teachers have power, they cannot stop students from detecting the issues, speaking without censorship, or knowing their rights.Students are living, breathing human beings. We go to school to learn about and come in the outside world. Government officials are to teach us these things and see how well we learn them. We are curious creatures. We need to know everything or else we leave rebel. Teachers should tell us both parts of a certain subject to allow objectivity in our minds. If we hear unless one side of a controversial issue we tend to assert ourselves with the only point of view. We may also find out information on our own that is bad and conceptualise what we find out. Teachers are here to guide us to the correct information. If a teacher takes a side he/she may tell us only the negative points to his opposing side. He/she may, also, just tell us good points about his side. Either way, he/she gives us a one sided perception. We need to hear both sides in order to make up our own minds.Many believe that teachers have more power than students. This is a weak argument because teachers cannot pull rights of students. The Supreme Court stated thisIt can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the school house gate (Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent School District). Therefore, students are just as powerful as teachers. Teachers want to discipline their students how and when they choose. This is a major(ip) dispute among parents, teachers, and students. A teacher may not ever hit a student purposely. A teacher may lower our grade for not doing work or failing class criteria. They may not lower our grade just because they dont like us or we execution slightly out of hand. Many people say that students dont know what is best for them. This is may be true at lower elementary, still in high school, students can speak for themselves and know what they need. In some court cases or public meetings, teachers or the school bo... ...rookfield Millbrook,1997.Student Government. humans Book Millennium 2000. 2000ed.Student Rights. Natural Math. 21 Jan. 2002 .Students Rights. Rethinking Schools. Vol. 14, Issue 4 (Summer 2000). 21 Jan. 2002 .Students Rights. Y and M Online. 21 Jan. 2002.Students Rights and Responsibilities. University of Virginia. 21 Jan. 2002 .Students Rights Guide. American gracious Liberties Union of Northern California. 21 Jan. 2002.Students Rights of Free Speech. The American Center for Law and Justice. 20 Jan. 2002 .Students Rights on Public School Campuses. Liberty Counsel. 20 Jan. 2002 http//www.lc.org/OldResources/Students_rights_0900.html.Teachers Rights on Public School Campuses. Liberty Counsel. 20 Jan. 2002 .Young, David. Survey. Oakridge High School 30 Jan. 2002.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Essay --

Task1(i)In this section, we explain the strategy in detail and describe the actions were taking to pursue it. British airways main basically the entire mission to the customer requirement where is customer wanted to going and customer service. If the service not good for customer so then they complain which that impact on the British service. So that why reason every time want to wish a provide a good a service to the customer and incessantly customer is happy. British vision always on the customer what are the customer requirements. All over the world responsible for this customer service to give them proper service and relationship with customer and cooperate. British give us all facilities because they want purify the service they want to achieve a goal and mission. GLOBAL British airways deals lots of things like they hold a civil aviation authority, they provide a people operating carry licence which that relates committal more than 20 aircraft. And they p rovide this service individual and company.PREMIUM British airways always give us good and unique premium service doesnt matter customer where is and when contact with us because they recognize always better service and this service scud more money which that is worth for paying. AIRLINE British airways always introduce new things and new products because they want to increase a business but they always focus on the customer service if the customer is happy so then they invest more money. They always trying to provide a cargo service its means they focus on the civil aviation authority. Because they us new products time by time. They provide all products in tough stinting environment and different challenging... ...y and no timing but British airways airline crew decided introduce something new for customer to using a strategical provision. And day by day they increase a business and introduce a new flights everywhere in domestic level, and after that they introduce a website and some official pages for helping a customes. Strategic planning is more than ensuring your association will remain financiallysound and be able to offer its reserves its projecting where your associationexpects to be in five, ten, or fifteen years and how your association will get there. It isa systematic planning process involving a number of steps that identify the currentstatus of the association, including its mission, vision for the future, operating values,needs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, goals, prioritized actionsand strategies, action plans, and monitoring plans.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Dr. Mengele Essay -- essays research papers

The feeling story of Josef Mengele is one that is filled many twists and turns that bet out like a suspense story with an ending that does not seem to fit what one would expect. The authors of the book Mengele The Complete Story, Gerald L. Posner and John Ware, wrote this book largely with information taken from diaries and letters of Mengele&8217s, and interviews with those who knew him. It is a look into the flavor and times of a man whose nickname was &8220The Angel of Death. Josef&8217s life and post-mortem fate could be divided into three different chapters. His pre-war life and life during World War II was one of privilege and freedom to satisfy his perverse desire to put to death bizarre and mostly useless medical experiments on unwilling participants in Nazi death camps. His post-war life consisted of being constantly on the run a lonely and depressed fugitive wanted by countries worldwide for the atrocities he committed against Jews, Poles, Gypsies, and others during W orld War II. His lonely death by drowning, in Brazil, and wound post-mortem fate suited the man well. Although this report might seem to follow a chronological order, it is not simply a telling of a life story. It is a look into who Josef Mengele was, and how he changed over the years.The authors underlying main theme, throughout the book, seemed to be to show that Josef Mengele was not who his infamous legend would dictate. It is true that he was a cold and ruthless killer who murdered thousands of innocent people. He earned the nickname &8220The Angel of Death for the way he would remain calm and composed small-arm comeing such torturous an act as a live dissection of a human being. He had a sick fascination with parallel. He believed that twins held the secret to discovering how to perfect a master race. The following is a description by Vera Alexander, a witness of Mengele&8217s horrors, of a common experiment Mengele would perform on twins&8220One day SS men came and took t wo children away. They were two of my pets, Tito and Nino. One of them was a hunch sand. Two or three days later, an SS man brought them back in a terrible state. They had been cut. The hunchback was sewn to the other child, back to back, their wrists back to back too. There was a terrible smell of gangrene. The cuts were dirty and the children cried all night.(P.37 par... ...t, he regretted not working harder to exterminate more people than he had. Mengele was presented as who he was. This makes it seem as though there is an unfair tote up of negativity presented about him. Other than a few occasions where he showed compassion, such as with his son and cleaning lady, he really did not pose many redeeming qualities. Mengele personified hatred, arrogance, and cruelty. Trying to keep a balance between the positive and negative of the man would have been impossible. At the end of his life, Mengele was still the alike(p) man he always was. He had been humbled by his life of simplic ity, yet the arrogance and bitterness he showed as a young SS ready were still present. Although Mengele evaded capture and was never brought to trial, it does not mean he was never punished. If Mengele had been put to death, his life would have been over, without any further suffering. Mengele lived, and his life of loneliness, isolation, and alienation from his family and the ones he loved was much more painful than had he been put out of his misery years earlier. With his life a waste, all his aspirations dead, and his spirit weakened, Mengele&8217s life was his punishment.

Dr. Mengele Essay -- essays research papers

The lifespan legend of Josef Mengele is one that is filled many twists and turns that play out like a suspense story with an ending that does not seem to fit what one would expect. The authors of the book Mengele The Complete Story, Gerald L. Posner and John Ware, wrote this book largely with information taken from diaries and letters of Mengele&8217s, and interviews with those who knew him. It is a construction into the life and times of a man whose nickname was &8220The Angel of Death. Josef&8217s life and post-mortem fate could be divided into three different chapters. His pre-war life and life during World War II was one of privilege and freedom to satisfy his perverse desire to perform bizarre and mostly useless medical experi handsts on unwilling participants in Nazi death camps. His post-war life consisted of being constantly on the run a lonely and depressed fugitive wanted by countries worldwide for the atrocities he committed against Jews, Poles, Gypsies, and others duri ng World War II. His lonely death by drowning, in Brazil, and humiliating post-mortem fate suited the man well. Although this report susceptibility seem to follow a chronological order, it is not simply a telling of a life story. It is a look into who Josef Mengele was, and how he changed over the years.The authors primal main theme, throughout the book, seemed to be to show that Josef Mengele was not who his infamous legend would dictate. It is true that he was a cold and ruthless killer who murdered thousands of detached people. He earned the nickname &8220The Angel of Death for the way he would remain calm and composed while performing such torturous an act as a live dissection of a human being. He had a sick fascination with twins. He believed that twins held the secret to discovering how to perfect a master race. The interest is a description by Vera Alexander, a witness of Mengele&8217s horrors, of a common experiment Mengele would perform on twins&8220One day SS men came and took two children away. They were two of my pets, Tito and Nino. One of them was a hunchback. Two or three days later, an SS man brought them back in a terrible state. They had been cut. The hunchback was stitched to the other child, back to back, their wrists back to back too. There was a terrible smell of gangrene. The cuts were dirty and the children cried every night.(P.37 par... ...t, he regretted not working harder to exterminate more people than he had. Mengele was presented as who he was. This makes it seem as though there is an unfair amount of negativity presented about him. Other than a fewer occasions where he showed compassion, such as with his son and cleaning lady, he really did not have many redeeming qualities. Mengele personified hatred, arrogance, and cruelty. Trying to keep a balance between the positive and negative of the man would have been impossible. At the end of his life, Mengele was still the same man he always was. He had been low-spirited by hi s life of simplicity, yet the arrogance and bitterness he showed as a young SS doctor were still present. Although Mengele evaded capture and was never brought to trial, it does not involve he was never punished. If Mengele had been put to death, his life would have been over, without any further suffering. Mengele lived, and his life of loneliness, isolation, and alienation from his family and the ones he loved was much more painful than had he been put out of his misery years earlier. With his life a waste, all his aspirations dead, and his spirit weakened, Mengele&8217s life was his punishment.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Essay

A bond between a cause and a son is sacred, and is surely nonpareil of the most firm bonds that nonplus ever existed. When such a bond is severed, a lot of anger can be provoked, most probably in the form of revenge. Throughout settlement by Shakespeare, one can observe the theme of revenge exemplified by the main hero, small town, Laertes, and the young Fortinbras, plotting their revenge against the murderers of their fathers.Hamlet is the low gear of the three to plan his revenge. While in mourning of the recent, mysterious death of his father, the pansy, he is contacted by a spirit, which bears resemblance to his father. When the ghost tells Hamlet that the new king, Claudius, is answerable for his fathers murder, Hamlet proclaims that he bequeath exist to avenge the death of his father. He will carry out the ghosts quest Thy commandment all alone shall live/ Within the book and volume of my brain (I.V.102-103).Though Hamlet has promised revenge, his actions are delayed. Hamlet decides that his revenge must deferment for a while. He has realized that the ghost he has contacted might simply have been an evil spirit leading him to damnation. Instead of completely believing the ghost, he decides to set up Claudius in order to catch his conscience The spirit I have seen/ Maybe a devil/Abuses me to damn me. Ill have grounds/ More relative than this. The influences the thing/ Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king (II.II.594-601).Hamlets plot for obtaining solid proof for convicting the king is to have a dissemble. The basis of the play will be a simple reenactment of the murder of Old Hamlet. Both Hamlet and his trusted advisor, Horatio, will watch Claudius for his reaction. This will give him sufficient reason to kill Claudius. Hamlets plan for the play shows his fear of being tempted by the devil into damnation. This shows his ghostly beliefs yet again. The first example of his faith are in Act I when he is reluctant to commit suicide for fear of the resulting after support O that this too too sullied flesh would melt/. . .Or that the Everlasting had not fixd/ His canon gainst self-slaughter (I.II.129-132).These religious beliefs of Hamlet will prove to play a big part in his revenge scheme, and will stall it. The next part of Hamlets plot for revenge involves his general temperament. He decides to act as if mad in order to speak and act freely. Any abnormal behavior can be passed off as his impermanent insanity. This way he can say and do things to get certain reactions or information from people in order to help him plot his revenge. He does ask however, that his acquaintances do not say anything about his crazy state being false How strange or odd someer I bear myself/As I perchance hereafter shall think meet/To put an antic disposition/That you, at such time seeing me, never shall/Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase (I.V.179-183). This allows him to further his revenge.Later in the play in Act 3, Hamlet h as an unpleasant encounter with his cause love, Ophelia. During this heated discussion Hamlet learns that she now has sour feelings toward him and gives him back his gifts. He snaps and unleashes all the built up anger and emotion and bitterness that he has been tardily feeling. But he also says something that is intended for Claudius to hear. It is a threat that will play into his ply for revenge. Hamlet proclaims that of those that are married already-all but one-shall live (III.I.150).This opened threat directed toward Claudius is indeed overheard and begins to worry Claudius as planned. Claudius decides to take action to protect himself. He no longer believes that Hamlet is mad with love make love? His affections do not that way tend/Nor what he spake, though it lackd form a little/Theres something in his instinct/Oer which his melancholy sits on brood/And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose/Will be some danger which for to balk/he shall with speed to England (III.I.164- 171). Claudius now suspects that Hamlet is suspicious of him, which Hamlet believes will cause him to do something to prove his guilt, thus allowing Hamlet to carry out his revenge. Hamlet then takes his next step in revenge by having the play acted out. Hamlet and Horatio will both watch Claudius throughout the play.Hamlet realizes that there is no hell for him to go to, but to just turn into dust upon his death. This is another step in the progression of Hamlets revenge. The final step of motivation in Hamlets revenge comes during the fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes. The queen drinks from the kings cup that has been poisoned to kill Hamlet. She falls and proclaims she has been poisoned O my dear Hamlet/The drink, the drink I am poisond (V.II.315-316).Laertes then tells Hamlet everything including how he has poisoned Hamlet Hamlet, thou art slain/No medicine in the world can do thee good In thee there is not half an hours life/The treacherous agent is in thy hand/Unbated and envenomd/. . .Thy mother poisond/I can no more. The King-the Kings to blame (V.II.319-226). Hamlet has at last been motivated enough to act. The king has poisoned his mother and father, and tried to kill Hamlet also.Hamlet then avenges his fathers death by wounding the king with the poisoned sword The point envenomd too Then, venom, to thy work/ Wounds the King (V.II.127). Hamlet has achieved the revenge that he has planned for the entire play. But he must now avenge his mothers death so he forces the king to drink from the poisoned cup Here, thou incestuous, murdrous, damned Dane/Drink off this potion. Is thy mating here?/Follow my mother (V.II.330-333). By poisoning the king twice, Hamlet has punished Claudius for both the murders of his mother and his father. Hamlet finally got his revenge but died in the process.The center ideas of the play are the revenges of Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras. All had obtained the revenge that they had wanted. All had avenged their fathers deaths. But all did it in entirely different ways. Hamlet took a while to complete the revenge, he is a man of contemplated inaction. Laertes took a different approach to revenge and accomplished it in a rather fiddling amount of time.Laertes is a man of uncontemplated action. Fortinbras, different from the others, waited for the right moment to act. He carefully planned what he would do over a long point in time of time and then waited to act. Fortinbras is a man of contemplated action. All three accomplished their revenges-Hamlet killed Claudius, his fathers murderer Laertes killed Hamlet, his fathers murderer and Fortinbras did not have to kill Hamlet the son of his fathers murderer, but he did take over the th rone. All people bent on revenge in Hamlet, accomplished it, making the play a revenge play.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Concept of Long Term Care Essay

In this essay it explains how week one reading changes my concept of long stipulation care. The essay lead provide two examples of current events related to long-term care and how it has changed. The paper will focus on examples of current events related to long-term care, and how might these examples plus sensibleness. This paper will explain what are three long-term care populations evident in my local community and if I was aware of these evident. Long term care is a health and social service there to provides services such as assistance with everyday task, such as dressing, bathing and utilise the bathroom. After this week reading and discussion as a class on long-term care, I would say my concept has changed. I became more than aware of the services provided in long-term care settings, also the individual who requires long-term care.People would think of long-term care only for elders, but the type of passel need of long- term care can be from individual with chronic cond itions, severe mental illness, and also developmental disabilities, automobile or sporting hazard anymore can need long term care in life. Reading the week reading also explain Children, is always the type of mess in need of long- term care to surprise me. Children born with developmental disabilities such as, Down syndrome affecting the brain, spinal cord, nervous system function causing them to need long- term care. Some of the current events related to long term care that happened, in the past three years increasing levels of violations staff physicians were non maintain on a 24 hour basis. Another current event related to long term care a staff at Crystal Care Center in Mansfield abuse a patient.The patient refuse to have oxygen fed to him through a nasal cannula, the flirt with decide to tuck the sheet over the head of the patient. Patient abuse occurred in August 2010 but is rare in the state of Ohio but happens more often in long term care. These example increase awarenes s of long-term care having families monitor how a family member or friend treat, to depend if medical care is provided with an appropriate level. In my community there are three long term care populations age 65 and honest-to-god, individuals with disabilities and children. Seniors 65 and older is the biggest population in Arizona needing long term care services.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Goblin Market by Christina Rosetti Essay

Goblin Market by Christina Rosetti I believe this verse tells a myth, a story close to temptation and lust, about the desire to obtain something the fibber clearly is not meant to take or piddle. It has similarities to the Story in the bible about the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve have been told You are free to eat from any tree in the garden but you essential not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for if you eat you testament surely die. When I read the poem by Christina Rosetti it makes me think about that story because of the opening lines I ate and ate my fill, Yet my mouth waters stillThe narrator, like Adam and Eve, felt discontented with what they were getting. They were always going to emergency more, never satisfied. There are subtle hints that the narrator should not be eating the fruit, but this makes the fruit taste better and more appealing. The words that have been apply are double edged for example Cherries worth getting On it own this sounds innocent and come forwards to be about fruit The double mean here, I believe, suggests that something or someone is desired. Wanting to taste but not being quite sure this also links with virginity, untouched and this is where the lust comes inI think the words Christina Rosetti has chosen are extremely clever because you have to read the poem time and time again to get the neat meat this keeps the reader interested for longer. Every time you look at this poem you find something else you didnt notice before. I feel that to try and puff of air out the striking words would not be of benefit, as they are all seemingly striking and without the rest of the poem attached they would not appear as exceptional I believe this would not be doing justice to the poem.For example the word Pellucid to me is very striking but alone, without the rest of the sentence, it makes no sense and the judgement is not the same. The line Pellucid grapes without one seed To me has much more of an effect and shows a hand out more about the narrators emotions. I think the tone of this poem is unpredictable as there are different meanings. When you first read this poem and you see that it is about fruit, one may start to feel that the narrator is babbling, as it does not make a great deal of sense. For example To-morrow night I will buy some more and kissed her.This, in the context of fruit, seems out of place and somewhat irrelevant. It is only when you read the poem again, this time realising that it is not quite as innocent as it first seemed, that the tone changes it becomes more exciting and profound. I would say that the mood of the poem changes when the realisation of the poems true meaning sinks in. While the poem just seems to be about fruit I found the persona offered no excitement or anticipation. This changes quite dramatically when you figure that the poem is actually quite unconventional as it is hinting at a sexual relationship between two women.For example Cheek to cheek and dumbbell to breast Locked together in one nest At this point the voice then seems to become playfully mischievous. There are a lot of similes in this poem, for instance Like two pigeons in one nest I think Christina Rosetti wanted the reader to really visualise what was going on also I feel that she used simile to create a feeling of anticipation, using a familiar image of closeness. Like two flakes of newly fallen snow Is very clearly talking about two people who are having a sexual relationship, but also telling us that it is the first time and in actual fact they are both virgins.Snow, when it has just fallen, is untouched and perfect in everyway thus symbolising purity. Not a bat flapped to and fro Round their nest Is an example of the use of metaphor in this poem. People do not sleep in a nest and just these two people are being likened to animals. This I believe creates a feeling of peacefulness, nothing moving. This is representing that they have reached a climax and they are now enjoying the peaceableness of the moment. An illustration of the use of personification in this poem is Wind sang to them a lullabyThe wind of course cannot sing but the image is used to create a peaceful atmosphere. I image it would be really calming and relaxing to have the wind singing a lullaby. Alliteration is not strongly used in this poem I could only find one example which is And sugar sweet their sap I feel this is to jump the readers experience, making them almost taste the sugariness, thus allowing the reader to really get in touch with what is happening in the poem. This poem uses a lot of slip away on lines an there are only two full stops in the poem.I think this increases the anticipation as well as the feeling of expectation as you can never see how it is going to end. The metre is quite smooth and sinuous and it is used by the narrator to keep the rank of events told in the poem flowing. The tempo and manner of the poem, as I said earlier, chan ges when you realise its true meaning. I feel that this happens to keep the suspense. This poem has a stray rhyming ardor because some lines rhyme and others dont but I feel that this is in keeping with the rest of the poems style as it is all rather unconventional.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Benefits of Using Laser Communication Technology Essay

Laser parley, often referred to as free- blank shell optics (FSO) or free-space laser (FSL) communication, is similar to fictional character optic cable in terms of carrier wavelength and bandwidth capability, except information atomic number 18 transmitted directly with the atmosphere via laser beams over paths from a few meters to 4 km or longer. FSL economic consumptions lasers in the near-infrared spectrum, typic totally(a)y at wavelengths of 850 or 1550 nm. Given these wavelengths, atmospherical attenuation must be considered, and an adequate aldepressionance of ocular federal agency (dB) must exist to support lavishly system availability (the percentage of time that an FSL link is in operation, typically 99.9%). A optic range of 100 m backside attenuate a laser beam at a rate of nearly 130 dB km1.For short links ( 1200 m), fog and low clouds are the primary concerns. For longer links, scintillation, heavy rain, and snow frequently become issues. To address these i ssues, long-term climate info are analyzed to determine the frequency of occurrence of low visibilities and low-cloud ceilings. To estimate availability at a site of interest, ad seriousments to airport climate selective information are made to accommodate differences in altitude, geography, and the effect of the urban heat island. In sum, communication via FSL is a feasible alternative to fiber optic cable when atmospheric conditions are considered and properly analyzed.Polarization shift keying (PolSK) is a new modulation technique, it uses the state of polarization of an electromagnetic wave carrier as the information guardianship parameter. This paper describes a modulation/demodulation method found on PolSK, and a high-speed laser communication system, and verifies its feasibility through theoretical analysis and calculating machine simulation. Studies have shown that the based on the parameters of laser polarization modulation and demodulation techniques have unique adva ntages, such(prenominal) as in anti-atmospheric interference, higher data rate and pooh-pooh bit error rate, greatly improving the reliability of communication. In addition to polymorphism modulation green goddess be achieved by this modulation method, which has a data capacity. In the future, the PolSK modulation and differential demodulation method has a broad space for development and application prospects in the space laser communications.Research Back rationalityThe applied science of laser communication was concerned by great nation in the world, because of its advantage of good security, building network conveniently, large communication capacity, smallness and portable, low power consumption and the different advantages. With the achievement of micro-arc order dynamic tracking technology, in order to develop its potentials and advantages further, high-rate and long distance became the new directions of the development of the laser communication.The technology of laser co mmunication combined roughly more mature technologies of high speed visual fiber communication technology, such as preliminary optical amplification, wavelength division multiplexing, diversity reception and the all-optical network technology, which also brought new problems into the air take downward(a) coupled into optical fiber. Because of the effects of the deviation of the alignment, vibration and atmosphere, it was elusive to achieve high efficiency of air light coupled into optical fiber for tiny diameter of core of the fiber.Thus, big diameter of core of the fiber should be chosen. As the limit of the devices, the detective area of the detector of the high speed optoelectronic detector was difficult to achieve above 100m. Therefore, its needed to optimize the diameter of fiber core and the detective area. At the same time, in order to lighten and littleen the optical platform and void some practical problems such as the high frequency interference and the moment of t he wire-wound, its necessary to estimate and solve the loss of optical docking to optimize the high efficiency and speed received system of the atmospheric laser communication.In the paper, the high-efficiency and high-speed receiver technology of atmospheric laser communication was analyzed, which was based on ideal and atmospheric condition. For which, the received system of the atmospheric laser communication and its main parameters were discussed and the effects of the atmospheric on the laser communication with high efficiency and velocity were analyzed. Besides, the factors were also discussed, which affected the space light coupling into the fiber and fiber docking coupling and the corresponding simulation results were given. The method was proposed, which was apply to solve the problems of the atmospheric laser communication, and the results of the indoor fiber docking coupling were analyzed so that it was feasible and efficient.The experiment of the maximum coupling effici ency nigh the atmosphere was carried out and the effects of the atmospheric on the experimental results were discussed. Modern lasers represent a massive improvement over lasers of the past, and the technology is advancing just as quickly now as it has been for the past decade. Optical fiber has demonstrated the ability to move hundreds of terabits of information per second. In addition, lasers are able to exit through dense foliage, and can allow for space communication from distances calculated in millions of miles. The capabilities of modern lasers almost are like science-fiction stories, and the technology involved is lighten improvingStatement of the ProblemThis paper aims to identify the benefits of laser communication technology. The objective of these communication projects is to service personal communication users almost e verywhere on Earth. The inter-satellite links in those projects use microwave radiation as the carrier. Free-space optical communication between sat ellites networked together can make possible high-speed communication between different places on Earth. Some advantages of an optical communication system over a microwave communication system in free space are (1) smaller size and weight, (2) less transmitter power, (3) larger bandwidth, and (4) higher immunity to interference.The pointing from one(a) satellite to a nonher is a complicated problem due(p) to the large distance between the satellite, the narrow beam divergence angle, and vibration of the pointing system. Such vibration of the transmitted beam in the receiver plane decreases the average out received signal, which increases the bit error rate. We review (1) the present status of satellite networks, (2) developing efforts of optical satellite communication around the world, (3) performance results of vibration effects on different kinds of optical communication satellite networks, and (4) seven approaches to overcome the problems caused by transmitter pointing vibra tionMethodologyThis paper aims to investigate the design and the benefits of victimisation laser communication technology. Operation from a low earth orbit (LEO) platform (e.g., the International Space Station) would allow transmission of single photons and pairs of entangled photons to ground stations and hence permit quantum communication applications such as quantum cryptography on a global scale. Integration of a source generating entangled photon pairs and single-photon contracting into existing optical terminal designs is feasible. Even more, major subunits of the classical terminals such as those for pointing, acquisition, and tracking as well as those providing the required electronic, thermal, and structural thorn can be adapted so as to meet the quantum communication terminal needs.Results and DiscussionCommon uses for lasers in sensing include determining slender location information that radar and traditional sighting systems for energising weapons like rifles and m issiles cannot provide. When using lasers with a weapon system theyre a complement to kinetic systems, explains Michael Rinn, vice president of the Boeing Co. Directed Energy Systems segment in Albuquerque, N.M. Lasers offer an advantage of cost-per-shot, precision ranging, and precision pointing, Rinn continues. From three, four, or five kilometers away a laser can focus on a moving target precisely. Radar and gun systems are nowhere near the kinds of ranges were demonstrating. Of course, lasers arent a reclamation for any system, but they serve to compliment systems by providing additional information. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is one of the primary ways lasers can sense objects and movement. LIDAR can take a crap images by bouncing lasers off a target.Narrow-beam lasers enable LIDAR to detect images where other sensors could not, such as decision objects in heavy foliage or finding exact distances, heights, chemical compounds, and atmospheric composition. LIDAR not o nly provides this information, but also can render still images in three dimensions. Given sufficient process power, lasers also can render moving images that look like videos. Scientists have used LIDAR to guide unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including an AH-6 unmanned Little Bird light helicopter gunship, through areas with obstacles. LIDAR provides the precision necessary for autonomous piloting, a hot commodity at a time when UAVs require at least one operator.The AH-6 is a army version of the MD 500 light helicopter. As with any advancing technology especially one that involves as much tally as laser technology does the size of laser systems has shrunk to sizes that were unimaginable when they were first introduced. Were seeing leaps and bounds in the technology, says Boeings Rinn. Sizes have gone down from racks to credit-card size youre seeing a lot of transformation in the industry. Early-model laser systems were big, awkward, and used too much power to make them pract ical for vehicles. forthwiths lasers, however, can fit in small boxes and can be parts of UAV payloads, fixed-site perimeter-security systems, helicopters, and ground vehicles.Laser limitationsLaser sensing does have a weakness, when compared to other kinds of sensors. Heavy rain, really grim weather conditions, and sandstorms, cause problems for lasers, explains Boeings Rinn. Adverse weather conditions prevent laser light from reaching its target. Even heat waves can distort the laser beam and lead to inaccurate or lost data. Fortunately, there is a way around atmospheric issues with lasers. The answer to this problem is an atmospheric- requital sensor that uses a low-power beam before correcting itself.The now-discontinued Airborne Laser (ABL) program, for example, sent out a low-power laser before firing its powerful chemical laser. The low-power laser measured atmospheric distortion between the aircraft and its target, and used that information to calibrate the laser weapon to put the most energy possible on target. Atmospheric compensation enables the use of lasers even in harsh environments that would render uncorrected laser sensors useless. Atmospheric compensation does not allow lasers to function in particularly bad conditions, however. Atmospheric distortion happens when air currents or pollution bends light, and is the phenomenon that makes the stars at night appear to twinkle. Lasers for communicationsFiber-optic cable has seen huge improvements in the past decade. With potential data rates that reach data rates of terabits per second, lasers can move vast quantities of data more securely than other forms of communications. Lasers are impervious to electromagnetic interference (EMI), do not emit stray signals like RF energy does, and fiber lasers are substantially lighter than crap cable. Fiber-optic cable Is lighter, faster, smaller has no EMI and doesnt cause sparks, explains John Lee, vice president of marketing at optical fiber specialist T imbercon Inc. in Lake Oswego, Ore. War fighters today have a huge appetite for data, if we dont have the type of bandwidth fiber provides we wont be endowment our war fighters everything we can. Lasers also have been used in communications without optical fiber. Laser communication is a very specific application satellite-to-satellite, terrestrial-to-satellite, terrestrial-to-airplane are very high bandwidth applications that lasers can do.Boeings Rinn says. Lasers can be used for communication without any cables to communicate from huge distances, particularly in space. This practice, called free-space optical communications, uses laser beams that drop dead through the air, or through outer space, instead through optical fiber, and is generating substantial industry excitement for its potential in broadband data communications. The NASA kB Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., in fact, has created its own free-space optical communications research group. More inform ation on the NASA group is online at Free-space optical communications send lasers operating at wavelengths not visible to the human eye to receivers for high-bandwidth line-of-sight communications. The benefit of free-space optical communication over radio signals is clear.Free-space optical communication does not experience interference from radio waves and is nearly impossible for an enemy to intercept or disrupt. Free-space optical communication is particularly applicable to inter-satellite communications because it is relatively interference-free, offers go against connections than RF signals, and travels for longer ranges. Lasers provide high-bandwidth communications links between satellites, deep-space probes, and orbiting telescopes using lasers, lenses, and mirrors, these connections allow for fast communication with receivers and transmitters. Some space-based free-space optical communications links proceed reliably millions of miles apart.Inter-satellite communications links can send and receive data that are exponentially larger than RF signals can provide, while using less power. NASAs own project, the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration, seeks to prove the long-term viability of free-space optical communication and increase current inter-satellite data rates by as much as a hundred times greater than current RF communication allows. The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration will be holding preliminary design review in 2013, with ground testing starting in 2014. The project will then fly as a commercial satellite payload in 2016.Future laser technologyLaser technology has yet to mature, and many enhancements are left to be made. Everything lasers can do currently is still improving at a rapid rate and new techniques to improve lasers are still in the works. One such new technique is beam combining, which blends several laser streams into one high-power beam. There are a lot of people chasing combining laser beams, says Boeings Rinn. Ther es a lot of research and technology growth going on there. Researchers are taking three approaches to combine laser beams spiritual beam combining, coherent beam combining and polarization beam combining. Each approach has its own uses, benefits, and downsides. The goal of beam combining is to increase laser power and brightness to enable long-distance communications and laser weapons.Beam combining techniquesPolarization beam combining blends two linearly polarized laser beams one vertically polarized and the other horizontally polarized. These beams move to a thin-film polarizer so that one is reflected and the other transmitted, forcing both beams to propagate in the same direction. This creates an unpolarized beam with almost the same optical power as the two input beams combined, and with the same beam quality. Brightness similarly increases. Polarized beam combining does not scale power, however, because the unpolarized output cannot go through the same process. It is expect ed that beam-combined laser systems will in the near future reach output power levels of tens to hundreds of kilowatts, Paschotta says. Possible applications of such systems are in the military sector in the context of anti-missile and other directed energy laser weapons. There are also possibilities for long-distance free-space optical communication and laser-based manufacturing.ConclusionIn the free-space laser communication there is sometimes a strong need for reduction of the diffraction defacement size in the far field. In this paper, instead of the use of the larger size aperture lens in the free-space laser communication system, we introduce diffractive superresolution technology to design and fabricate a cheap pure- course plate for realizing the smaller spot size than the usual Airy spot size, which can decrease the weight and size of the emitting lens. We have calculated 2, 3, 4, 5 circulation zones for optimizing the highest energy compression (Strehl ratio) with the co nstraint of the beginning zero ratio value G=0.8.Numerical results show that the 2- or 3-circular zone pure-phase plate can yield the highest Strehl ratio (S0.59) with the constraint of G=0.8, but the 4, 5 circular zone binary phase (0,) plates are calculated to yield the result ofS0.57 with G=0.8. We have fabricated 2- and 3-circular zone binary phase plate with binary optics technology. Finally, we have established an experimental system for simulation of the free-space laser communication to verify the advantage of the superresolution phase plate. Detailed experiments are presented. Factories use sensors to guarantee product quality. The advent of cell phones and constant communications with satellites has raised demands for better communications. The transoceanic fiber cables that sit at the bottom of the ocean, coupled with data demands that almost double yearly thanks to the explosion of streaming video has also led to more and more research being performed on optimizing optic al communications and optics in general.AcknowledgementForemost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Teacher Madam Marlita delos Santos for the continuous support of my study, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time.I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my study.Besides my Teacher, I would like to thank the rest of my teachers in Lope de Vega National last School for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions.My sincere thanks also goes to my parent for their support and undying love to me so I can finish the thirdhand learning and I may able to achieve my dreams and ambitions.I thank my fellow Classmates, school mates, and friends for the stimulating discussions, for the sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines, and for all the fun we have had in the last four years.Last but not the least I would like to thank God for his Guidance and cogn ise for me and the World.The WriterBibliography1. Journal of Optical Networking, Vol. 4, Issue 9, pp. 549-560 (2005) 2. http//dx.doi.org/10.1364/JON.4.003. http//www.opticsinfobase.org/jocn/abstract.cfm?URI=jon-4-9-5490549 4. http//lasers.jpl.nasa.gov.5. M. Pfennigbauer, M. Aspelmeyer, W. Leeb, G. Baister, T. Dreischer, T. Jennewein, G. Neckamm, J. Perdigues, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, Satellite-based quantum communication terminal employing state-of-the-art technology, J. Opt. Netw. 4, 549-560 (2005)

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Tv Show Analysis

Blake Miller 3/26/13 Writing Assignment 3 Everyone experiences multiple quixotic relationships throughout their life. Some are great and others are down right awful. There are many factors that determine the experience of the relationship for some(prenominal) parties and ultimately romantic relationships work best when people are at the same stages of relationship growth as their partner. The romantic relationship I necessitate to talk about is my relationship with my girlfriend Alex of 4 years. We started dating when we were in high school and then continued into college.We have only taken a break from our relationship once for about 2 months and besides that have always done long distance with semi frequent trips in between major school breaks. All of which has strengthened and formed our bond into the amazing relationship we have today. Most relationships begin and end in interchangeable ways however some move faster than others and skip important steps that are vital for a h ealthy relationship and this is why Knapps Model of Relational Development is a good guideline for starting a relationship.Alex and I began dating in January of my senior year, however, this is not when our relationship began consort to Knapps Model of Relational Development. The introductory stage of Knapps Model is the initiating stage. For Alex and I this stage occurred when our younger brothers became friends and her family invited my family over for dinner. It was my first time officially run across her even though I knew who she was from school.Throughout the dinner the two of us talked and did dishes together but acted as friends getting to know each other. However, my interest in her had begun but she had a different boyfriend at the time. The nigh stage of Knapps Model is the experimenting stage. the process of experimenting is enterpriseing to discover the unknown (BB2 pg. 5). This is the stage where people try to learn about the other and find some common interests o r hobbies. For Alex and I this was sports and our brothers.Many times I got to know Alex best before we began dating when we would view our brothers soccer and basketball games and we would sit and talk about a variety of different topics. After the experimenting stage comes the intensifying stage. The intensifying stage is the point in a developing relationship where two individuals start to share more personal and intimate information about themselves. For our relationship it was when Alex and I went on our first date.Alex and I spent our first date consisted of me picking her up from her house and bringing her to my house to have popcorn and scout Pirates of the Caribbean, the film she wanted to watch which I later found out was because she loves Orlando Bloom. It was the first time we spent time alone talking more intimately and having more physical pass like snuggling on the couch. This stage lasted for a few weeks and included our first kiss, which was outside on a bench af ter school. Naturally the next stage is the integration stage. The relationship has now reached a point where the two individuals personalities almost seem to fuse or coalesce (BB2 pg. 8). This stage occurred for us when I asked Alex to be my girlfriend on January 6th 2009 at a restaurant called Little Shin Shin. That day will forever be a unforgettable day for me and began the stage of integration that has lasted for years. The final stage, the bonding stage is more of a marital and legal binding stage and whether that is the final plan for Alex and I is still to be determined.My relationship with Alex has definitely followed Knapps Model of Relational Development. It has been very easy for me to reflect back and think of various interactions and moments that link on the nose to the different definitions of the various stages. I believe that Knapps Model is accurate and an effective way to develop and create a stable, healthy and happy romantic relationship with another individua l. Sources 1. Knapp, M. L. , & Vangelisti, A. L. (2009). Interpersonal Communication and Human Relationships (6th ed. , pp. 34-42). Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Public Speaking Essay

PUBLIC SPEAKINGINTRODUCTIONWhen we heard the word, public disquisition, what came to mind is standing in front of a crowded room packed with people and talking to them. The image alone sometimes create an enormous effect on most people, causing nervousness, and by chance even fear. Before we jump to that, lets suppose at the definition of the word itself. According to Merriam Webster online dictionary, the words unexclusive Speaking has a message of the act or process of devising speeches in public, or the art of trenchant oral communication with an reference. Next, what is an audience? An audience is defined as a group of listeners or spectators. From the definitions, we provoke draw a conclusion that in public speaking, there is an act of both speaking and listening. So what antitheticiates public speaking from a conversation? While both public speaking and conversation involves a direct and face-to-face encounter, usu everyy public speaking is more of a one-way talking. Although nowadays most verbalisers claim that they want an interactive session, but usually the audience is give a specific time to do so. Next, in terms of address, public speaking uses a formal language. Because they argon speaking in front of a group of people, speakers need to adress their audience in a more formal way. Third, and most primary(prenominal)ly, public speaking postulate to be structured. They need to withdraw a tight grasp on their topic and do their research thoroughly. The reason the topic Public Speaking is chosen is because it is something that everyone needs to do at some point of their lives. It is also based on the In conclusion, public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners, and is different from conversation in terms of approach, language, and structure.TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKINGNaomi Rockler-Gladen, a former professor at Colorado State University, wrote on the website suite101 that there are tierce typ es of public speaking informative, coaxing, and ceremonial. These types also defines the purposes, or the reasons the speech is made. More details on the three types of public speaking leave alone be explained below. The first type, informative. edifying has the meaning of large(p) information, to inform. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give realizelegde to its audience aboutsomething that they probably did non know of before. The end culture of an informative speech would be to equip the audience with a brand new knowledge that they can apply to a particular aspect of their lives. The beta thing to watch about giving an informative speech is to not put in too much information. Imagine an empty bucket be filled with water. If being filled with too much water then the water provide leak out for sure. The same thing applies to the audience. The leaking must be avoided at all costs, so the information has to be kept simple, yet useful. The second type is per suasive speech. A speaker giving a persuasive speech needs to be able to persuade the audience to do, or believe in something. Usually, the speaker would try on to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. Giving an informative speech is not an easy thing to do. The speaker needs to be really passionate about the cause theyre giving, in order to convince and persuade the audience to follow suit. The second thing that can be done is to look for common ground with the audience, try to relate to what they might agree on. Third, try to aim for a smaller scope of issue for a start. As mentioned before, a speaker is given a time limit to deliver his or her speech, and it will not be easy to change ones mind in such a piffling time. Third, and last type is a ceremonial speech. at that place are so many ceremonies in our lives, starting from graduation, engagement, wedding, to funeral. Usually this kind of speech is given to congratulate, or in the c ase of a funeral, remembering the dearly departed. Thus, the given speech tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. The important thing to watch about giving a ceremonial speech is to be appropriate. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try to not say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke. The point here is to chafe them feel special, not to conduct them down, especially in front of a large group of people. From the three types of speeches mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that all kinds of speeches will have have to cause some kind of an effect for the audience. Informative speech needs to result in the audience understanding or knowing something they did not know before. Persuasive speech is aimed to change someones perspective about something or to ask them to do something, and ceremonial speech should be more personal, and make someone feel special and included in a certain ceremony.PREP ARINGThe key of perfecting anything is through practice, and public speaking is no exception. However, merely practicing will not be sufficient to have a successful public speaking. Aside from practicing, there are also several things that can be done to arise oneself for the often-dreaded experience. The first thing is to know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area. Age, gender, cultural brackground, knowledgeable orientation, and religious views are among the most crucial things that a speaker needs to know. These informations will be very helpful to the speakers to determine their style of speaking, the approach that they are going to use, and to avoid offending a particular group. There are three questions that needs to be kept in mind when working on the speech To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? What is the most effective way to composing and presenting my sp eech to accomplish that aim? (Lucas, 2004). The next thing that can be identified is the venue. Knowing the battlefield in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and if they wish to walk around, what pattern would be best so the audience will not get too distracted, and how they are going to face the audience. Every speakers need to have a tight grasp on their topics. Therefore, they need to do a thorough research before they present their topic to their audience, especially if they are giving an informative speech. Speakers can acquire their materials from many different resources, whether it be the books from the library, the internet, or even their own knowledge and experiences. At the end of every session, usually the audience are given the time to ask questions regarding the topic, and the speaker needs to be able to answer them. There are two words that most speakers always have with them d uring their seminar or presentation visual promotes. They are usually in the form of a Power Point presentation, which can include texts, audios, and videos. The essence of having a visual aid, aside from making the presentation more interesing, is so that the audience can have a better understanding of the topic. Speakers can include the main points of each of their ideas instead of the whole sentence in their slides, to bind the audience from getting bored. Last, asmentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence, which is an important thing to have in delivering a speech or presentation in public. It will also help determine the length of the presentation, whether it is too long or too short from the given time. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that there are five things that needs to be prepared in public speaking, which are knowing the audience, identifying the venue, doing a thorough research on the topic, havin g a visual aid, and practicing. These five elements of preparation could be the key to ensuring the success of public speaking.PRESENTINGWhen all the preparation has been done, comes the real challege presenting. There are a few aspects speakers need to give in attention to while giving their speech. Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. Whether their purpose is to inform or persuade, language is their tool, their weapon. Therefore, how the use the language is crucial to the success of their speech. Language needs to be apply clearly. Words are not limited to a universal meaning, which means that not everyone interprets a word in the same meaning or understanding. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean of it. Language also needs to be used appropriately. When giving a speech, audience looks up to the speaker to give them something new, something useful. Thus, the speaker need s to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation. Audience tends to prefer if their speaker can deliver their speech without any form of notes or texts. Speaking from the memory shows a great deal of confidence, and that will gain more complaisance from the audience. However, there is no harm from getting help from notes or flashcards. This can help the speaker remember and focus on their main points, and also have their speech organized. Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the right body language. Body language includes personal appearance, try, gesture, and eye contact. The phrase dont judge a book by its cover is often heard but rarely practiced. commencement ceremony impression will always matter in the way one person looks at another, so a speaker needs to dress appropriately. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affects the audience, forexample, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it willl distract the audience from the topic and confuses them. Sometimes, when a speaker is feeling nervous, he or she will tend to make move their hands around or play with their hair, etc. This should be avoided at all costs, as mentioned above, to avoid making the audience feels distracted. Eye contact needs to be maintained to hold the audience. Lucas explained in his book that when speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is better to just scan through the audience rather than look at each person directly. It has been mentioned above that it is best if the speaker could prepare visual aids beforehand. While presenting a visual aid, the speaker needs to be clear, but by doing so, they also need to still be connected to the audience, and not be too immersed in their own visual aids. The visual aid itself should be made as large and as intersting as possible. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers ca n restate their main points, just to instigate the audience of the important things that has been said. They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions. Speaking in public is all about confidence. Wearing the right clothes, movements, gesture, maintaining eye contact, and having visual aids can enhance the speakers confidence, and in return, will gain the respect and trust from the audience.BBIBLIOGRAPHYLucas, Stephen. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th ed. Boston, MA McGraw Hill, 2004. Print.Osborn, Michael, and Suzanne Osborn. Public Speaking. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print.Rockler-Gladen, Naomi. Public Speaking Class Tips Writing Great Speeches for Your Speech Course Suite101.com. Naomi Rockler-Gladen Suite101.com. 13 Jan. 2007. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. .

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Reason You’re Over Weight

Bad Eating Habits Darlene Wilder ENGL135 March 20, 2010 ? Bad Eating Habits You think entirely because you eat at shadow that is the reason youre over weight? True in a sort, but the main cause in the United States for obesity is large(p) ingest habits. Almost e rattling citizen doesnt know that extra take in, and extra late night snacking is a bad eating habit, which causes problems in the future. They practically thinks its normal the way they eat, but long term wise its causes bad health problems from bad eating habits. Bad eating habits can be unhealthy which can be treated by changing your diet and controlling how much you consume.Breaking bad habits is unattackable to do, using me for example, for years I had bad eating habits it was hard to control does late night cravens, but me as a person had to change for my health and for my children sake. A good toss offing point is to get very clear on what is considered to be benefiting you making the changes. Its good to consu lt with your food doctor to see what they could prescribe you to do to stop your bad eating habits. I know from experience that dieting foods may not aim a good taste, but fruits are good supplement to help you start eating healthy foods instead of junk food .This could be your first step on concurring your bad eating habits. Over time, habits become automatic, well-read behaviors, and these are stronger than new habits you are trying to incorporate into your life. There are millions of ways for you to stop your bad eating habits you as a person just subscribe to to accept the challenge to change bad eating habits. Instead of eating three full campaign meals a day, make two course meals a day with a complement of fruit. Try mixing up the meats you eat a week. Bad Eating HabitsInstead of fried food have it baked, instead of bake have it steamed theres plenty of ways to cut those greasy fats out of your lifestyle. Even those who manage there bad eating habits have a relapse from t ime to time this could come from stress, loneliness, and depression. In my conclusion bad eating and late night snacking could cause a lot of health problems. Try to change your diet and control how much you consume into your body. The main thing is try to change your habits and consumption and you should not have a problem with being obesity and other medical conditions.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Despite Criticisms Essay

1. Despite criticisms, the classical approach to business focus is unruffled relevant today. Discuss one example to support this statement. (25%)Classical approach on management weed be in terms of three major perspective scientific management, Bureaucracy and administrative principles, which atomic number 18 emphasis on purpose and formal structure, for instance, planing of form, technical requirements of organisation, principles of management, etc. Although this idea was emerged at 19th century, it does lick the management style today and some of its ideas are still relevant.UPS, a well-known shipping, weight and logistics company globally, which is a very good example of using classical approach to their management in nowadays business, especially in the bureaucracy aspect. UPS is not only follow the idea of Max weber (1864 1920), the advocate of the idea of bureaucracy and also a sociologist, that the separation of management and ownership like umpteen companies today, b ut also focus on the impersonal and rational management. UPS set out a grand amount of rules, procedures and regulations on every departments, for example, They teach their drivers 340 steps for how to deliver a package correctly, such as how to load the truck, fasten their seat belt, walk, carry their keys, etc. Strict dress code is a must clean uniform, black or brown polished shoes with nonslip soles, no beard, no haircloth below the collar, no tattoo visible during deliveries, and so on. They also has well division of hollow change drivers, loaders, clerks, washers, sorters and maintenance personnel. All of them have to do formal record keeping, like, drivers have daily worksheets that specify exploit goals and work output. When UPS want to hiring or promote employees, technical qualification is the main criterion.UPS use those impersonal management style to avoid irrationality in order to be more efficient and adaptable to change, because persistence is related to formal structure and positions rather then particular person who may leave or even die. Also, those rules and procedures provide a standard way of dealing with employees. Hence, everyone gets equal treatment, and everyone knows what the rules are, this has enabled them to become efficient as well.Although, classical approach contribute a lot in todays management, it curve the humanitarian factory and psychological need. It may cause other problems, for instance, over relying on technical qualification ignore the human aspect, since working ability cannot only be measured by technical qualification. Moreover, If organisations lose the balance, employees may be frustrated by endless rules and red tape which may eventually lower the effectiveness. And it makes work become boring and repetitive, employees become a cog of a big machines, that would lead to high levels of absenteeism and labour turnover. That the reason why classical approach is not the mainstream of todays management, althou gh its still relevant.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Against Love Essay

At the beginning of this essay Kipnis says something stands forbidden to me. Love is, as we k today, a mysterious and controlling force. It has vast power over our thoughts and life decisions. It demands our loyalty, and we, in return freely comply (Kipnis 749). I deliberate this is the best way to explain love. When there is someone that you re entirelyy love you do and say things that you neer imagine yourself doing. I think this is the main purpose of love and what everyone should feel. Love is non something you tho make upon I think it is something that grows on you with time.I believe that if you love someone your willing to go out of your way and do extraordinary things for this person. I do not believe it would be a hit-or-miss person in front of you at the supermarket that you will do those types of things for, because you need to put one across a mystic feeling and connection to this person. In this essay something else Kipnis said stood out to me. But passion must not be allowed to die (Kipnis 751). I book never been married but I present been in love before. I believe that if there is passion you should never let it die.Passion is a fuddled barely controllable emotion that you have for an an different(prenominal) person. It is not something that you can stop or act as to share with someone. Love can and will make you feel as if you are nothing without your other half. You will do and say things that you feel are crazy. Today I think so galore(postnominal) muckle, mostly younger, rush into marriage because they feel as if it is the only way to conceal their love for all(prenominal) other alive. I personally believe that love is not something that can be rushed. Do not involve me wrong community can be young and fall in love and get married but you have to do it for the right reasons.I myself would love to find someone to have a deep love for. Love is so hard to explain but there is a passion that you find with someone else and it is not something you can just pretend to feel. I think that if it is meant to be then everything falls into place on its own. Something that I believe personally plenty are doing now days is acquire married and if things do not seem to work out the answer scarce is divorce. The divorce rate now days is growing higher and higher. Divorce is not something that is uncommon, I hate to say it but it is something that happens every day.After a while for one reason or the other people only if want out of the marriage and want to go their separate ways. Some people go into a marriage and come out very quickly they decide it is simply not for them. On the other hand others stay together for 10 years and more before they contumacious they want out of the marriage. I personally believe that it is not the worlds job to keep marriages loyal. I do not feel that today marriage is taken seriously anymore because people think that if it does not work out why try and make things better if we can simply just get a divorce.Honestly what would people do if divorce was not an option? Would people have to learn to work their problems out? Would people just have to be miserable all the time? It is something to stop and think about. I personally believe now days that people candidly do not even think before getting married they are just caught up in the moment. I would say that this essay is a polemic. Kipnis basically argues of the fact that in order to have a good relationship and love someone you have to be able to meet the requirements of mutuality, confabulation and advanced intimacy.These are the big issues in relationships today. More people are breaking up and getting divorces because they will not come to a simple compromise to make their relationships work. A couple should have good communication skills. You have to learn to be in everything you do together because it is not just yourself anymore. It is you and your partner the one that you love. Works Cited Kipnis, L aura. Agaisnt Love. McQuade, Donald and Robert Atwan. The Writers Presence. Boston St. Martins Bedford, 2009. 748-755.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Examples of institutional racism Essay

Although subtler than it has been in Western society, IR is still prevalent as a cordial factor. For example, Stephen Lawrence, a scurrilous teenager was unlawfully kil lead in a completely wanton racist attack by five white youths on April 22, 1993 (Macpherson, 1999). What was disturbing about this incident is that the inquest took 6 years to be scrutinized and police ref utilised to help Mr. Lawrence even though he was in a share of his own blood. Police were also given defining information that could have led to arrests, and they refused to accept that information.When whiz of the attackers was picked out from a criminal line-up pool, the police suggested that the survivour of the attack, Mr. Brooks who positively identified the assailant, was at best, guessing. The police would posterior confess that one of their officers could non remember anything he was told and later when chitchated upon to testify he indicated that he had no record of any notes he may have taken. Vid eo surveillance of the suspected attackers caught them on immortalize boasting how they were going to cut b miss people up.The case against the suspects was dropped after the police claimed that the eyewitness account of the survivour was unreliable. Subsequently, they arrested Mr. Brooks while he was protesting the fate of his friend and police promptly charged him. A judge would later throw out the case. Seeking justice the parents of Stephen Lawrence attempted to further prosecute the suspects. However, when that failed they launched a campaign for a public inquiry into the way that police handled the investigation of their sons murder.It was yet then that the above facts became publicly available. After the embarrassment of the police service and a lengthy inquiry, this led to the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry The Stephen Lawrence inquiry gave rise to the study of police stop-and-search in London which follows on from a trace published by the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). The Interim Report presented the results of the first year of a programme of action to improve police searches covered by section1 of PACE (the 1984 Police and Criminal order Act).The programme began in April 1998 and was implemented in seven areas of London Charing Cross, Limehouse, Brixton, Plumstead, Hounslow, Kingston and Tottenham. The pilot sites varied in the populations they take cared, the main crimes they had to deal with and the number of searches they recorded. Over the year, each showed signifi nookiet improvement in supervising officers use of the power and in the proportion of searches which produced an arrest. (http//www. met. police. uk/publications/stop_search/report. htm)The perception of realization of affable responsibility by the police and their origination of policy with regards to their policing standards has left many in the black community on edge. The black community does not trust police to act appropriately regardless of how they portray themselves ( Macpherson, 1999). This has led to further conflict and clashes with police. impinge theorists believe that conflict is a normal part of institutional practices.This shape up to the analysis of racial discrimination proposes that the intact society, not just the police, still survives on the historical wrongs done to heathenishal minorities and that the dominant ethnic groups desire to maintain the marginalized in positions of inferiority by perpetuating sets of advantages or privileges for the majority group and exclusions or deprivations for nonage groups (Rodrieguez, 1987). institutional racism is so embracing an operating principle that it no longer requires conscious or overtly racist acts to sustain it (Rodrieguez, 1987). The overt apathy that is displayed by police is inherent in control systems (Axelson, 1998).Further, the unfitness or lack of want to acknowledge that institutionalised racism even bes creates a veiled fast one that everything is fine. Another moment that the world bathnot forget is the Rodney King beating that took place in Los Angeles, California. Rodney King, a black man was severely beaten by a group of Los Angeles police officers. This unfortunate event was videotaped. When this event was dispersed to the various news agencies public dissent ensued. Los Angeles had riots. The whole incident led Mr. King to be awarded a sum of $100 million dollars.However, this award did nothing to quell the distrust of police by blacks nor has it substantially improved relations between blacks and police. Both are seen a necessary evils (http//archives. cnn. com/2001/LAW/03/02/beating. anniversity. king. 02/). institutional racial discrimination is Not Acknowledged The problem of institutional racism in the police force is not simply a problem of racist attitudes held by individual bad police constables but exposes a deeper problem of the reliance on outdated police policy that has become routine in an spiritless way.It is solely throug h exposing the results of institutional racism through such acts as police brutality, the lack of ethnic minorities in positions of power, the lack of ethnic nonage business ownership and the lack of ethnic faces in mainstream media can resistance to the belief that IR exists and is a reality. A fundamental question arising from this is, How damaging is it when media, schools, legislatures and other institutions call racist myths true? The cultivation of an inability to voice, express or even acknowledge that institutional racism exists and more overt forms of discrimination are the basis of which the prevailing Western culture maintains its influence is minimize at the least and a cause for riots and increased violence at its worst. This attitude and lack of acknowledgement that IR exists, creates those who are perceived as inferior, and they may internalize the others perception as valid and behave accordingly.The person perceived as inferior may develop a self-fulfilling omen i n relation to this, until this cycle is broken. The events of IR include lowered self-esteem and inadequate self-concept. The Pygmalion effect is a self-fulfilling prophecy where people conform to others expectations regardless of their true abilities. IR may become a state of mind and a set of emotions and values, and a set of behaviours. Institutionalised racist modes range from hostile domination to passive acceptance (defined as avoiding, ignoring or pretending to be correct and polite).In the social changes of the last twenty years, change, like the reduction of outward hostility has occurred, yet more accord is involve before equal acceptance and nigh(a) pull up stakes can occur (Axelson, 1998). Institutionalised racism is an corroboratory and largely invisible process which can be compared with the glass ceiling. It is a term encompassing the a great deal unintentional barriers and selection/promotion procedures which serve to loss members of ethnic minority groups.B raham, Rattansi, Skellington, 1992, pp.100-120) suggest that widening our rendering of discrimination to include indirect or institutional racism gives a much better understanding of the barriers faced by ethnic minorities. Braham et al. caution that it is important to acknowledge the wide range of practices involved roughly much more obvious than others. Rejecting the proposition that all institutions are uniformly racist, they argue that the kind of procedures that disadvantage black people also disadvantage other groups.The British Civil Service is a good illustration of the existence and strength of institutionalised disadvantage. A Cabinet Office report in 1995 cogitate that it was a bastion of the white, male middle-classes, making it difficult for ethnic minorities to progress into its upper reaches. The report cogitate that the main barriers to career development were prejudice and/or ignorance among managers and a lack of confidence among ethnic minority staff. These b arriers were derived from attitudinal or cultural stereotypes which limited expectations and opportunities on both sides.Conclusion In conclusion, institutional racism as defined has had serious deleterious effects on culture and society. These effects are manifested in words, ideas, schools, language policies, economic stratification social segregation, caparison markets, hiring and promotional schemas, ethnic minoritys psychological issues and ethnic minority access to a variety of social services and opportunities. The continuation of institutional racism, though discouraging, can be seen as a positive development from the perspective of the decline of the more overt forms of racism.However, the lack of knowledge or the denial of the more subtle forms of racism can be extremely pernicious to both majority and minority group members. Institutional forms of racism may include police practices, unemployment, housing and education issues, discriminatory practices and inadequate wel fare programs. IR may rear its head through the purpose by Western culture to arbitrarily decide what is socially valuable. People tend to take as valuable what is most familiar to them. Prejudiced attitudes can be found in many elements, including language, education, religion, norms of morality, economic science and aesthetics.A mental and emotional connection of the majority group with superiority and connecting minority cultures to inferiority makes IR pervasive and difficult to eradicate (Axelson, 1998). At an international level, institutional racism may be considered as a product of colonialist and imperialist strategies. These strategies employ racism as an important element in the justification and maintenance of relations of exploitation and unequal exchange with subordinate populations who happen to be physically different. research of racism focuses on the condition that the rise and fall of racial stereotypes and racial prejudice is closely cerebrate to the changing historical relations between different populations and to the interests of dominant groups (Seymour-Smith, 1986). A clear assessment of the attitudes, beliefs, social norms and corporate culture is required of the institution if it is to recognize policies, practices and procedures that may be exclusive to ethnic minority groups. It is through asking, seeing and acknowledging that institutional racism exists will create a forum for awareness.The lessons of Stephen Lawrence and Rodney King serve as societal reminders that a subtle, pervasive form of racism does indeed exist. Those attitudes are so immanent and accepted that they are our social norm. Our unwillingness to formally acknowledge that anything these beliefs and attitudes are indeed incorrect will create more tension and unrest.It is through the constant reminder and education that though the practice of institutional racism may be part of the social fabric, it is not acceptable. It is not acceptable because although it i s believed to not exist or acknowledged, the consequences of not acknowledging IR are seen through the disregard of humanity as in the cases of Stephen Lawrence and Rodney King. It shall only be through the forthright acknowledgement that something is inherently biased in our social framework will IR ever be diminished and eradicated.References viewed January 10, 2006. viewed January 8, 2006. viewed January 8, 2006. viewed January 9, 2006. viewed January 9, 2006. Axelson, J. A. (1998). Counseling and development in a multicultural society.Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing. Braham, P. , Rattansi A. , and Skellington, R. 1992. (eds. ), Racism and Antiracism Inequalities, Opportunities and Policies. Sage. p. 100-120. Green, D. G. 2000. Institutional Racism and the Police Fact or Fiction. Civitas. London.Macpherson, Sir William (1999). The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry The Report of an Inquiry. London HMSO. Massingale, Fr. Bryan. 1998. The Ethics of Racism. Origins vol. 28, iss. 24, p . 26. Massey, D. S. , Fischer, M. J. (1998, December). Where We Live, in Black and White. The Nation, viewed January 9, 2006, . Myers, D. G. (1993). Social psychology (4th ed), McGraw-Hill, Columbus, OH. Jefferson, T. (1992). The racism of criminalisation policing and the reproduction of the criminal other, in Gelsthorpe. L (ed. ).Cropwood Roundtable on Ethnic Minority Groups and the Criminal Justice System. Cambridge Institute of Criminology. Price, A. J. (1997) Human Resource forethought in a Business Context, International Thomson Business Press, Ch. 9. Rodrieguez, A. M. (1987). Institutional racism in the organisational setting an action-research approach, in Shaw J. (eds. ). Strategies for Improving Race Relations. Manchester Manchester University Press. Seymour-Smith, C. 1986. Macmillan Dictionary of Anthropology. The Macmillan Press. lastname, initial. 2006. I felt that a more comprehensive explanation was needed.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Angels Demons Chapter 86-88

86No light. No full.The Secret Archives were black.Fear, Langdon without delay realized, was an intense motivator. Short of breath, he fumbled through the blackness toward the revolving door. He found the button on the w each and rammed his palm against it. Nothing happened. He well-tried again. The door was dead. revolve blind, he called out, but his articulation emerged strangled. The peril of his predicament suddenly closed in around him. His lungs agonistic for oxygen as the adrenaline doubled his heart rate. He matte standardised both(prenominal)one had salutary punched him in the gut.When he threw his weight down into the door, for an instant he image he felt the door grow to turn. He pushed again, seeing stars. at present he realized it was the entire room turning, non the door. Staggering away, Langdon tripped everywhere the base of a rolling ladder and fell hard. He disunite his knee against the edge of a book stack. S clothing, he got up and groped for the l adder.He found it. He had hoped it would be heavy wood or iron, but it was aluminum. He grabbed the ladder and held it like a battering ram. Then he ran through the tenebrious at the glass fence in. It was closer than he thought. The ladder hit head-on, bouncing off. From the feeble sound of the collision, Langdon knew he was expiry to need a hell of a chain reactor more than an aluminum ladder to offend this glass.When he flashed on the semi railroad carmatic, his hopes surged and then instantly fell. The weapon was gone. Olivetti had relieved him of it in the popes office, saying he did not want loaded weapons around with the camerlegno present. It made sense at the time.Langdon called out again, making less sound than the last time.Next he remembered the walkie-talkie the guard had left over(p) on the t adapted outside the vault. why the hell didnt I bring it in As the purple stars began to dance before his eyes, Langdon agonistic himself to think. Youve been pin down bef ore, he told himself. You survived worse. You were just a kid and you figured it out. The crushing contrabandness came flooding in. ThinkLangdon take down himself onto the floor. He rolled over on his back and laid his move overs at his sides. The first amount was to gain control.Relax. Conserve.No longer fighting gravity to pump blood, Langdons heart began to slow. It was a trick swimmers utilize to re-oxygenate their blood between tightly scheduled races.There is plenty of air in here, he told himself. Plenty. Now think. He waited, half-expecting the lights to come back on at any moment. They did not. As he lay there, able to breathe better now, an eerie resignation came across him. He felt peaceful. He fought it.You will move, prick it But whereOn Langdons wrist, Mickey Mouse glowed happily as if enjoying the sober 933 P.M. one-half an hour until Fire. Langdon thought it felt a whole hell of a lot later. His mind, instead of flood tide up with a plan for beat, was sudden ly de servicemanding an explanation. Who turned off the power? Was Rocher expanding his see? Wouldnt Olivetti have warned Rocher that Im in here Langdon knew at this point it made no difference.Opening his mouth wide and tipping back his head, Langdon pulled the deepest breaths he could manage. Each breath burned a little less than the last. His head cle atomic number 18d. He reeled his thoughts in and forced the gears into motion.Glass breakwaters, he told himself. But damn thick glass.He wondered if any of the books in here were stored in heavy, steel, fireproof file cabinets. Langdon had seen them from time to time in new(prenominal) archives but had seen none here. Besides, purpose one in the dark could prove time-consuming. Not that he could lift one anyway, particularly in his present state.How more or less the examination table? Langdon knew this vault, like the other, had an examination table in the center of the stack. So what? He knew he couldnt lift it. Not to menti on, even if he could drag it, he wouldnt get it ut virtually. The stacks were closely packed, the aisles between them far too narrow.The aisles are too narrowSuddenly, Langdon knew.With a burst of confidence, he jumped to his feet far too fast. Swaying in the fog of a head rush, he reached out in the dark for support. His hand found a stack. requireing a moment, he forced himself to conserve. He would need all of his strength to do this.Positioning himself against the book stack like a football player against a training sled, he planted his feet and pushed. If I can roundhow tip the shelf. But it barely moved. He realigned and pushed again. His feet slipped backward on the floor. The stack creaked but did not move.He needed leverage.Finding the glass wall again, he placed one hand on it to guide him as he raced in the dark toward the far end of the vault. The back wall loomed suddenly, and he collided with it, crushing his shoulder. Cursing, Langdon circled the shelf and grabbed the stack at about eye level. Then, propping one leg on the glass behind him and another on the lower shelves, he started to climb. Books fell around him, fluttering into the darkness. He didnt care. Instinct for survival had long since overridden archival decorum. He feel his equilibrium was hampered by the total darkness and closed his eyes, coaxing his brain to ignore visual input. He moved faster now. The air felt leaner the higher he went. He scrambled toward the stop number shelves, stepping on books, trying to gain purchase, heaving himself upward. Then, like a rock climber conquering a rock face, Langdon grasped the top shelf. Stretching his legs out behind him, he walked his feet up the glass wall until he was almost horizontal.Now or never, Robert, a voice urged. Just like the leg press in the Harvard gym.With dizzying exertion, he planted his feet against the wall behind him, braced his arms and chest against the stack, and pushed. Nothing happened.Fighting for air, he repositioned and tried again, extending his legs. Ever so slightly, the stack moved. He pushed again, and the stack rocked forward an inch or so and then back. Langdon took advantage of the motion, inhaling what felt like an oxygenless breath and heaving again. The shelf rocked farther. the like a throw off set, he told himself. Keep the rhythm. A little more.Langdon rocked the shelf, extending his legs farther with each push. His quadriceps burned now, and he obturate the pain. The pendulum was in motion. Three more pushes, he urged himself.It only took two.There was an instant of weightless uncertainty. Then, with a move of books sliding off the shelves, Langdon and the shelf were falling forward.Halfway to the ground, the shelf hit the stack next to it. Langdon hung on, throwing his weight forward, urging the spot shelf to topple. There was a moment of motionless panic, and then, creaking under the weight, the second stack began to tip. Langdon was falling again.Like enormou s dominoes, the stacks began to topple, one after another. Metal on metal, books aerobatics everywhere. Langdon held on as his inclined stack bounced downward like a ratchet on a jack. He wondered how many stacks there were in all. How much would they weigh? The glass at the far end was thickLangdons stack had fallen almost to the horizontal when he heard what he was time lag for a different kind of collision. Far off. At the end of the vault. The sharp smack of metal on glass. The vault around him shook, and Langdon knew the final stack, weighted down by the others, had hit the glass hard. The sound that followed was the most unwelcome sound Langdon had ever heard.Silence.There was no crashing of glass, only the re seem thud as the wall accepted the weight of the stacks now propped against it. He lay wide-eyed on the pile of books. someplace in the distance there was a creaking. Langdon would have held his breath to listen, but he had none left to hold.One second. TwoThen, as h e teetered on the brink of unconsciousness, Langdon heard a distant gentle a ripple spidering outward through the glass. Suddenly, like a cannon, the glass exploded. The stack beneath Langdon collapsed to the floor.Like welcome rain on a desert, shards of glass tinkled downward in the dark. With a great sucking hiss, the air gushed in.Thirty seconds later, in the Vatican Grottoes, Vittoria was standing before a corpse when the electronic squawk of a walkie-talkie broke the repose. The voice blaring out sounded short of breath. This is Robert Langdon Can anyone hear me?Vittoria looked up. Robert She could not mean how much she suddenly wished he were there.The guards exchanged puzzled looks. One took a radio off his belt. Mr. Langdon? You are on channel three. The commander is waiting to hear from you on channel one.I chicane hes on channel one, damn it I dont want to deal to him. I want the camerlegno. Now Somebody amaze him for me.In the obscurity of the Secret Archives, Lang don stood amidst shattered glass and tried to catch his breath. He felt a warm liquid on his left hand and knew he was bleeding. The camerlegnos voice radius at once, take aback Langdon.This is Camerlegno Ventresca. Whats going on?Langdon pressed the button, his heart static pounding. I think somebody just tried to bulge out meThere was a silence on the line.Langdon tried to calm himself. I also know where the next killing is going to be.The voice that came back was not the camerlegnos. It was Commander Olivettis Mr. Langdon. Do not speak another news program.87Langdons watch, now smeared with blood, read 941 P.M. as he ran across the homage of the Belvedere and approached the fountain outside the Swiss Guard security measure center. His hand had stopped bleeding and now felt worse than it looked. As he arrived, it seemed everyone convened at once Olivetti, Rocher, the camerlegno, Vittoria, and a handful of guards.Vittoria hurried toward him immediately. Robert, youre hurt. o riginally Langdon could answer, Olivetti was before him. Mr. Langdon, Im relieved youre okay. Im sorry about the crossed signals in the archives.Crossed signals? Langdon demanded. You knew damn well It was my fault, Rocher said, stepping forward, sounding contrite. I had no idea you were in the archives. Portions of our white zones are cross-wired with that building. We were extending our search. Im the one who killed power. If I had knownRobert, Vittoria said, winning his wounded hand in hers and flavor it over, the pope was poisoned. The Illuminati killed him.Langdon heard the words, but they barely registered. He was saturated. all(prenominal) he could feel was the warmth of Vittorias hands.The camerlegno pulled a silk handkerchief from his cassock and handed it to Langdon so he could clean himself. The man said nothing. His green eyes seemed filled with a new fire.Robert, Vittoria pressed, you said you found where the next cardinal grosbeak is going to be killed?Langdon fel t flighty. I do, its at the No, Olivetti interrupted. Mr. Langdon, when I asked you not to speak another word on the walkie-talkie, it was for a reason. He turned to the handful of assembled Swiss Guards. Excuse us, gentlemen.The soldiers disappeared into the security center. No indignity. still compliance.Olivetti turned back to the remaining group. As much as it pains me to say this, the murder of our Pope is an act that could only have been accomplished with help from within these walls. For the good of all, we can trust no one. Including our guards. He seemed to be suffering as he spoke the words.Rocher looked anxious. Inside collusion implies Yes, Olivetti said. The integrity of your search is compromised. And yet it is a gamble we must take. Keep looking.Rocher looked like he was about to say something, thought better of it, and left.The camerlegno inhaled deeply. He had not said a word yet, and Langdon sensed a new severity in the man, as if a turning point had been reach ed.Commander? The camerlegnos trace was impermeable. I am going to break conclave.Olivetti pursed his lips, looking dour. I advise against it. We still have two hours and twenty minutes.A heartbeat.Olivettis tone was now challenging What do you intend to do? Evacuate the cardinals single-handedly?I intend to give birth this church with whatever power God has given me. How I proceed is no longer your concern.Olivetti straightened. whatever you intend to do He paused. I do not have the authority to restrain you. especially in light of my apparent failure as head of security. I ask only that you wait. Wait twenty minutes until after ten oclock. If Mr. Langdons information is correct, I may still have a chance to catch this assassin. There is still a chance to preserve protocol and decorum.Decorum? The camerlegno permit out a choked laugh. We have long since passed propriety, commander. In case you hadnt noticed, this is war.A guard emerged from the security center and called out to the camerlegno, Signore, I just got word we have detained the BBC reporter, Mr. Glick.The camerlegno nodded. Have both he and his camerawoman bring me outside the Sistine Chapel.Olivettis eyes widened. What are you doing?Twenty minutes, commander. Thats all Im giving you. Then he was gone.When Olivettis Alpha Romeo tore out of Vatican City, this time there was no line of unmarked cars following him. In the back seat, Vittoria secure Langdons hand with a first-aid kit shed found in the glove box.Olivetti stared straight ahead. Okay, Mr. Langdon. Where are we going?88Even with its siren now affixed and blaring, Olivettis Alpha Romeo seemed to go unnoticed as it rocketed across the curb going into the heart of old Rome. All the traffic was moving in the other direction, toward the Vatican, as if the Holy envision had suddenly become the hottest entertainment in Rome.Langdon sat in the backseat, the questions whipping through his mind. He wondered about the killer, if they would c atch him this time, if he would tell them what they needed to know, if it was already too late. How long before the camerlegno told the crowd in St. Peters Square they were in danger? The incident in the vault still nagged. A mistake.Olivetti never affected the brakes as he snaked the howling Alpha Romeo toward the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Langdon knew on any other day his knuckles would have been white. At the moment, however, he felt anesthetized. Only the throbbing in his hand reminded him where he was.Overhead, the siren wailed. Nothing like telling him were climax, Langdon thought. And yet they were making incredible time. He guessed Olivetti would kill the siren as they drew nearer.Now with a moment to sit and reflect, Langdon felt a have-to doe with of amazement as the news of the Popes murder finally registered in his mind. The thought was inconceivable, and yet somehow it seemed a perfectly logical event. Infiltration had always been the Illuminati powerbase rearrangements of power from within. And it was not as if Popes had never been murdered. Countless rumors of imposture abounded, although with no autopsy, none was ever confirmed. Until recently. Academics not long ago had gotten permission to X-ray the tomb of Pope Celestine V, who had allegedly died at the hands of his overeager successor, Boniface VIII. The researchers had hoped the X-ray might reveal some lessened hint of foul play a broken bone perhaps. Incredibly, the X-ray had revealed a ten-inch nail drive into the Popes skull.Langdon now recalled a series of news clippings fellow Illuminati buffs had sent him years ago. At first he had thought the clippings were a prank, so hed gone to the Harvard microfiche collection to confirm the articles were authentic. Incredibly, they were. He now kept them on his bulletin board as examples of how even respectable news organizations sometimes got carried away with Illuminati paranoia. Suddenly, the medias suspicions seemed a lot less paranoid. Langdon could see the articles clearly in his mindThe British Broadcasting Corporation June 14, 1998Pope throne Paul I, who died in 1978, fell victim to a plot by the P2 masonic Lodge The clandestine society P2 decided to murder John Paul I when it saw he was determined to cast off the American Archbishop Paul Marcinkus as President of the Vatican Bank. The Bank had been implicated in shady financial deals with the Masonic LodgeThe New York Times August 24, 1998Why was the late John Paul I wearing his day shirt in bed? Why was it torn? The questions dont stop there. No medical investigations were made. profound Villot forbade an autopsy on the grounds that no Pope was ever given a postmortem. And John Pauls medicines cryptically vanished from his bedside, as did his glasses, slippers and his last will and testament.London Daily Mail August 27, 1998 a plot including a powerful, ruthless and illegal Masonic lodge with tentacles stretching into the Vatican.The cellul ar in Vittorias pocket rang, thankfully erasing the memories from Langdons mind.Vittoria answered, looking confused as to who might be calling her. Even from a few feet away, Langdon recognized the laserlike voice on the send for.Vittoria? This is Maximilian Kohler. Have you found the antimatter yet?Max? Youre okay?I saw the news. There was no mention of CERN or the antimatter. This is good. What is happening?We havent located the canister yet. The situation is complex. Robert Langdon has been quite an asset. We have a guide on on catching the man assassinating cardinals. Right now we are headed Ms. Vetra, Olivetti interrupted. Youve said enough.She covered the receiver, clearly annoyed. Commander, this is the chair of CERN. Certainly he has a right to He has a right, Olivetti snapped, to be here handling this situation. Youre on an open cellular line. Youve said enough.Vittoria took a deep breath. Max?I may have some information for you, Max said. About your father I may know who he told about the antimatter.Vittorias materialisation clouded. Max, my father said he told no one.Im afraid, Vittoria, your father did tell someone. I need to check some security records. I will be in touch soon. The line went dead.Vittoria looked waxen as she returned the phone to her pocket.You okay? Langdon asked.Vittoria nodded, her trembling fingers revealing the lie.The church is on Piazza Barberini, Olivetti said, killing the siren and checking his watch. We have guild minutes.When Langdon had first realized the location of the third marker, the position of the church had rung some distant bell for him. Piazza Barberini. Something about the name was familiar something he could not place. Now Langdon realized what it was. The piazza was the visual sensation of a controversial subway stop. Twenty years ago, construction of the subway terminal had created a spatter among art historians who feared digging beneath Piazza Barberini might topple the multiton obelisk that s tood in the center. City planners had withdraw the obelisk and replaced it with a small fountain called the Triton.In Berninis day, Langdon now realized, Piazza Barberini had contained an obelisk Whatever doubts Langdon had felt that this was the location of the third marker now totally evaporated.A block from the piazza, Olivetti turned into an alley, gunned the car midway down, and skidded to a stop. He pulled off his suit jacket, rolled up his sleeves, and loaded his weapon.We cant risk your being recognized, he said. You two were on television. I want you across the piazza, out of sight, watching the front entrance. Im going in the back. He produced a familiar pistol and handed it to Langdon. Just in case.Langdon frowned. It was the second time right away he had been handed the gun. He slid it into his breast pocket. As he did, he realized he was still carrying the folio from Diagramma. He couldnt believe he had forgotten to leave it behind. He pictured the Vatican Curator col lapsing in spasms of outrage at the thought of this priceless artifact being packed around Rome like some tourist map. Then Langdon thought of the mess of shattered glass and strewn documents that hed left behind in the archives. The curator had other problems. If the archives even survive the nightOlivetti got out of the car and motioned back up the alley. The piazza is that way. Keep your eyes open and dont let yourselves be seen. He tapped the phone on his belt. Ms. Vetra, lets retest our auto dial.Vittoria removed her phone and hit the auto dial number she and Olivetti had programmed at the Pantheon. Olivettis phone vibrated in silent-ring direction on his belt.The commander nodded. Good. If you see anything, I want to know. He cocked his weapon. Ill be inside waiting. This heathen is mine.At that moment, very nearby, another cellular phone was ringing.The Hassassin answered. Speak.It is I, the voice said. Janus.The Hassassin smiled. Hello, master.Your position may be known. So meone is coming to stop you.They are too late. I have already made the arrangements here.Good. Make sure you escape alive. There is work yet to be done.Those who stand in my way will die.Those who stand in your way are knowledgeable.You speak of an American scholar?You are aware of him?The Hassassin chuckled. Cool-tempered but naive. He spoke to me on the phone earlier. He is with a female who seems quite the opposite. The killer felt a inspiration of arousal as he recalled the fiery temperament of Leonardo Vetras daughter.There was a momentary silence on the line, the first hesitation the Hassassin had ever sensed from his Illuminati master. Finally, Janus spoke. Eliminate them if need be.The killer smiled. Consider it done. He felt a warm anticipation spreading through his body. Although the woman I may keep as a prize.