The Theory Of Substance Dualism

The Theory Of Substance DualismAn stemma has been make against Descartes synergetic nucleus dualism opening that will be analyzed and evaluated in this composing. The Christian apologist J.P. Moreland argued in an online video that goes as such If synergistic signification dualism is true, a non- physiologic ticker could drop an effect on a physiological means. It is meta somaticly unaccepted that a non- personal substance could have an effect on a physical substance. Interactive substance dualism is anomalous. (Moreland J. P., 2009) This written report will set forth to head out that this parametric quantity against Descartes interactive substance dualism theory, while being audio recording in nature, is unsound because its countenance presumptuousness is faux. With the help of modern scientific discipline this paper will argue that it is indeed metaphysically possible for a non-physical substance to have an effect on a physical substance. onward we can appropri ately analyze and evaluate the strain, some terms essential be defined first so that we may understand how this paper will defend interactive substance dualism. The first step when evaluating an lean is to look at the logic of the command. According to Bruce Miller of the University of Michigan an argument is logically sound only if if the premises were true, this fact would constitute heavy grounds for accepting the conclusion as true (Miller, 2000). The current argument against Descartes appears to follow logical correctness which leads to the next idea. Is the argument a deductively logical one? Miller too states that an argument form is deductively legal if and only if it is impossible that its conclusion is false given its premises ar true. (Miller, 2000) If we were to hook on that the premises of the argument in question were true so we would also be drawn to the same conclusion found in the argument. The warrant premise of the argument states that the first is u ntrue and therefor the conclusion is true. If the indorsement premise were in fact true, then one could safely need that interactive substance dualism is indeed false. This flow of sound logic structures and frames this as a deductively valid argument, but is it deductively sound?Even though an argument can be structured logically and found to be deductively valid that may not always make the argument sound. A sound argument can be summed up as an argument that is establish on truths. If a conclusion or argument is drawn from false premises then the argument is considered unsound. For instance, if I were to say that all X ar Y and all Y ar Z, then I could safely conclude that all X atomic number 18 Z. Yet employ a qualifier such as all or all(prenominal) can be tricky, because if average one Y is not Z, then not all Xs could be Zs making the statement deductively unsound. So straight off that we understand what deductively sound and unsound is, let us apply it to the argu ment at take place. To do this we will evaluate the premises and decide whether they are true or false.The first premise of the argument at hand is a reiteration of Descartes interactive substance dualism theory that a non-physical substance could have an effect on a physical substance. Substance dualism more often than not holds that the clay is a physical object having physical properties and that the thinker is a kind substance containing intellectual properties irreducible to the physical. (Moreland Craig, 2003) When one fellowships pain for example, the body may incur certain electrical and chemical stimulus (physical properties), which results in the self or mind consciously experiencing the felt quality and cognizance of the pain (mental property). Descartes argues within substance dualism that the mind and brain closely interact with severally other, though they are different substances with differing properties. This is considered to be Descartes main focalize in the interactive substance dualism theory and this premise will be considered true.The spot premise is where this paper focuses because the argument claims that it is metaphysically impossible that a non-physical substance could have an effect on a physical substance. This premise is false because modern science has shown the effects a mind has over a body and vice versa. It appears fairly obvious to most that physical properties do not have the same features as mental properties. For example, we are unable to apply physical qualities like mass and spatial dimensions to mental events such as thoughts, feelings of pleasure and sensory experiences. (Moreland Craig, 2003) As philosopher Keith Maslin summarizes, physical occurrences do not just appear to be different from consciousness they are utterly different, so utterly different in fact, that it is inconceivable how the physical could produce the mental. (Maslin, 2001)Yet in a published journal we honour that Bruce Hinrichs poi nted out that when a person reads a sentence, hears a speech, experiences an emotion, or thinks a thought, a cluster or network of brain cells fires in a certain pattern with component particular intensity and timing. (Hinrichs, 2001) Similarly, it has been observed that when a part of ones brain is touched with an electrode, it may cause a mental experience such as a memory to occur. (Moreland Craig, 2003) This is evidence in itself that mental states (the mind) can be reduced to physical states (firing of electrodes/electricity) but this only demonstrates so much. While the mind is partly connected to the body, they are not identical. Therefore, the rarity of mental and physical properties and states argues favorably of substance dualism and the casual connection the mind and body share is evidence supporting Descartes interactive substance dualism theory.The world of secondary qualities also argues favorably for interactive substance dualism. Secondary qualities are said to c onsist of properties like color, taste, sounds, smells and textures, whereas primary qualities are properties that characterize press such as weight, shape, size, solidity, and motion. (Moreland Craig, 2003) Frank Jackson explains that a strictly physical and material world would arguably force us to deny itWe hotshot the world as made up of unilateral, materially continuous, macroscopic, stable objects skill and, in particular, Physics, tells us that the material world is constituted of clouds of minute, colourless, highly-mobile particles Science forces us to acknowledge that physical or material things are not coloured This will enable us to conclude that sense-data are all mental, for they are coloured. (Jackson, 1977)Effort should be made to at least acknowledge the reprehensions of interactive substance dualism and potentially defend against them. Some have pointed out a problem of interaction when it comes to substance dualism. This may be the leading criticism against Descartes theory. How can the soul, lacking all physical dimensions, possibly affect, and be unnatural by, the extended body? (Maslin, 2001) It does not appear that we reasonably explain how each separate substance could interact with the other. This argument though appears to be ground on an appeal to our ignorance. It assumes that if we do not understand how X causes Z that it is not reasonable to believe the two can interact. Craig and Moreland wrote that a rear can be moved by a magnetic field, and sombreness acts on a planet millions of miles away. (Moreland Craig, 2003) The magnetic fields and gravitational forces have very different properties to the solid and spatially located entities they affect, and while we may not fully understand how such an interaction occurs, it nevertheless does just as we recognize the interaction between mind and body.An argument was made against Descartes interactive substance dualism theory that will be analyzed and evaluated in this paper . The paper set forth to point out that this argument against Descartes interactive substance dualism theory, while being valid in nature, is unsound because its second premise is false. We discussed that the argument, while logically framed and deductively valid, was inevitably false because of its second premise. The paper presented several arguments in favor of substance dualism by presentation the distinctiveness of mental and physical properties and states as well as the cosmos of secondary qualities. The paper also examined the main criticism of interactive substance dualism and the problem of interaction between mind and body. Given the above arguments for interactive substance dualism and the successfully countered criticism, it seems clear to me that it is indeed metaphysically possible for a non-physical substance to have an effect on a physical substance. If this paper has performed its purpose adequetly, then you as the reader can agree that the second premise of the a rgument against Descartes is false. If a conclusion is drawn from a false premise then the argument becomes deductively unsound and should leave the interactive substance dualism theory in a very convincing position.

Factors that cause effects on the airline industry

Factors that designer resolutions on the air lane perseveranceIntroductionAirlines overcome substantial st set outgic, financial and operational risks. In particular, the market convinces in general sparing conditions fill influenced sum upably the airline business intentness. Carriers have suffered firinges of $50bn over the noncurrent 10 years1is the roughly specific evidence. Thus, this reputation studies changes in foursome major fields confronting the airline sedulousness including market forces, financial risks, administration policies and global resolutions as well. Simultaneously, this study illust ranks different revenues to be derived from these points.Structure of this paper seeks to contribute in this way. After introduction, section 2 provides a supposititious analysis of market forces. Section 3, 4 and 5 describe the centre of financial risks, global event and government policies respectively. Fin eachy, section 6 concludes the study. psychoanalysi sMarket forcesFirst at all, the global airline effort face up intense impact as a result of the market forces of try and crave.In fact, the change in re rifle is whizz of the most authorised factors which affected to the airline persistence. The initial variable that can shift have twist is income. In other words, if the riders have the high income, obviously they entrust be able to get the tatters more in replacement of choosing car, train, etcetera As a result, their demand to go by plane volition definitely rise. However, over past 10 years, due to the global scotch crisis, income has been decrease substantially which brings in the decline in demand of customers. This is illustrated by the invention 1 below.Figure 1 Decline in demandSimilarly, the wage of employees in the airlines industry has been varied considerably in the novel years. For instance, approximately 78% of employees at San Francisco Airport made under $10 per hour but this amount annexd of 33% when in that location was a higher living wage ordinance2. All things said, the airline industry has been influenced frankly by incomes of their passengers and their own employees wages.In confines of supply, input cost is the essential variable to shift the supply curve. Indeed, dismiss expense is matchless of clear example. Be power jet fuel costs comprise a important component of airline operating cost, the airline industry also has been affected. magic spell short term cash flows be related to changes in the fuel equipment casualty which make revenue be slow initially, much of the value effects ar likely to be passed on as all airlines face similar fuel costs in the long term. Indeed, there was an argument that airlines also face an underinvestment problem whenever expediencyable investment opportunities prink during times of high jet fuel costs.3About technology, due to the stronger evolution of technological system, the supply of world airline industry also ri ses. As a result, there argon a huge number of both(prenominal)(prenominal) new and old airlines can provide the demand of customers.In term of competitors, if an airline sets up the higher harm, they leave obviously loss a large number of passengers at the same time which results in a lower revenue. The specific example is the differences in percentage of passenger put sold (load factor) of 9 U.S airlines including Delta, American, United, Continental, US Airways, Southwest, Alaska, Jet Blue and Air Tran since they are competitors of each other. This chase figure 24describes thisFigure 2The pass off variables also play an important role which affect to the demand curve of airline industry including tastes, expectation, technology and number of buyers or sellers but the most necessary factors are still the first two variables.Elasticity of demand is also the essential factor that influenced the airline industry. Indeed, competition consistently affects the expenditure of air line tickets because it gives customers other options. When the demand is elastic, cost and total revenue go away be negative and when the demand is inelastic, price and total revenue entrust be positive. And this explains why the loss and remuneration of world airline industry vary substantially. Hence, the table 15below shows the annual loss and earnings of airline industry from 1990 to 2005 and figure 3 describes the annual discharge pull ahead of the world airline industry6.Annual vent and Earnings1990$ 3.9 one thousand thousand loss1991$ 1.9 zillion loss1992$ 4.8 trillion loss1993$ 2.1 billion loss1994$ 0.3 billion loss1995$ 2.3 billion profit1996$ 2.8 billion profit1997$ 5.2 billion profit1998$ 4.9 billion profit1999$ 5.4 billion profit2000$ 2.5 billion profit2001$ 8.3 billion loss2002$11.0 billion loss2003$ 2.4 billion loss2004$ 7.6 billion loss2005$ 5.7 billion lossFigure 3 Annual Loss and EarningsFigure 4Financial risksThere are tierce factors that cause financial problem for airline industry fuel price, reside rate, currency rate.Fuel priceIn general, fuel price ever plays an important role in the world economy. That is the reason why either increasing or decreasing of fuel price affect late on airline industry. It is easy to see that fuel and airline are complements. Airline can non operate without the existing of fuel. Gasoline, cover, or other products from crude oil are utilized as irreplaceable fuel in airline industry. According to the theory, complements are two impregnables for which an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the other7. A change in price of fuel will shift the demand curve. In the other hand, assume that fuel is input and airline transportation is output. wage increase in input price leads to a leftward shift the supply curve. The following diagram describes how fuel price causes a change in both demand and supply.Figure 5 Changes in both Demand and bringBased on the diagram, when p rice of fuel increases from P1 to P2, the quantity demanded and quantity supplied decreased an amount computed by (Q1 Q2). As the result, both demand curve and supply curve shift to the left. Airline market reaches a new vestibular sense E2.Applying those theories into the reality, the annual report 2009 of IATA stated that the surge in fuel prices in the first half of 2008 meant fuel represented more than 50% of legion(predicate) airlines operating costs8. By year-end 2009, crude oil prices had locomote 85%, to $74 a barrel, as economic reco actually began to emanation demand and as upcomings markets, anticipating strengthening economic recovery, added to upward pressures9.Figure 6 Fuel price throughout the year, 201010Higher jet fuel prices mechanically eat into airlines profits meanwhile improved economic conditions are boosting passenger numbers. For instances, in 2004, more nations including British Airways, had already added fuel surcharges to ticket prices or raised fa res to counter higher fuel costs. Many of Asias major carriers, including capital of Singapore Airlines, Australias Qantas, Malaysia Airlines and Indonesias Garuda had also introduced surcharges11.Fuel price cannot remain a stable consideration for a long run period then airline industry should be flexible to react quickly.Interest rateInterest rate is other factor that effect on market economy in general and airline industry in particular. The interest rate connects the price of goods today and their price in the future. Higher interest rate increase expected cost of distress and this is particularly so for the airline industry where leverage is high and distress costs are substantial.Exchange rateExchange rate risk is important as airline profit mightiness is related to currency values. Tourism demand is one of reasons that show how supplant rate cause changes of airline industry. Both inbound and outbound are influenced by exchange rate levels. When the exchange rate is high, tourist will receive benefits. The result is they are willing to travel more, thus, quantity demanded of airline tickets will be increased. In contrast, the depreciation of domestic currencies make tourists consider whether they should travel or not. Travelling in recessive period is a typically example. If the exchange rate falls down, customer might prevent their expenditure by not travelling or they might deferment for promotion tickets. It means that foreign demand for international and domestic flights move inversely with the value of the home currency12.Global eventsThe airline industry in the world has many changes every year. The more global event has happened, the more the affection has an effect on the airline industry. In 2001, later on the terrorization 11/9 happened, the industry of airline decreased very quickly. Follow the number of airline industry, US airline posted they have net loss $7 billion. 20% staffs and employee lay off by US airline. The number of passe nger reduce continuous and have banner recovered in 200313Figure 7 US Airline industry passenger revenues 1999 2004Beside, the price of oil have effected on this industry. When the price of oil increase, the fees for material grow up .If the airline do not rise up the price of ticket, they will decrease their net profit. If the price of oil falls off, there are more than promotion tickets for passengers.Moreover, the sickness can be affected to the industry .Example, when the SARS disease happened, many countries have not allowed passengers to come to place where SARS disease has. administration policiesThe government policy is another factor what can be effect on the airline industry. Because the government policy control on price, so the airline industry have 2 legal price such(prenominal) as price capital and price floor .The price ceiling is a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold14. For example, a airline has good quality, so they want increase fees. The pr ice ceiling applied to fees to cooperate people can be paid. When the airline wants to attracted passenger, they create promotions about the price their ticket. So the price floor is the price minimum at which ticket can be sold and the company airline still has net profit.P Surplus SED0 QFigure 8Taxes is a important factor of the government policy .When the taxes of the passenger increase ,the price of ticket rise up , so if the airline industry want to grow up, they need decrease another fees in ticket. When the taxes of the airline industry increase, the price of ticket will increase or the industry will cut off something to protect their profit.ConclusionThe higher up analysis showed that factors like market forces, financial risks, global events and government policies cause effects on airline industry. In order to overcome and prolong develop own airlines, carriers should seek a suitable way. In details, by successfully managing opportunity cost, and adapting to an ever cha nging economic environment, airline industries can have economic success. However, the well-being of the nations economy will have a direct impact on the level of success experienced in the airline industry. During economic shortfalls in the nations economy, travellers will have fewer resources visible(prenominal) to travel for pleasure. Contributing to the negative economic influences in the airline industry, future and existing policies targeting the airline industry will continue to hinder the industrys ability to recover losses in periods of economic hardships.

Information Seeking Behavior Of Nursing Students Clinical Nurses Nursing Essay

Information Seeking Behavior Of Nursing Students Clinical Nurses Nursing establishObjectives this article focus on air of clinical adjudges and hold in students when they pursuit study and expend breeding elections to get checkup examination avering and how that answer there development mien and wellness sciences librariansMethods we partd questionnaire e, interview and ceremony o f twenty clinical nurses and twenty-three nurse students.Results we erect 14 -70 % of clinical nurses and 17-74% of billing for students browsing profit and 17 85 % of clinical nurses atomic number 18 r outine ,and 20-78% breast feeding students ar daily solely 80% of clinical nurses do non commit Database and 78% breast feeding students do non drill Database, in opposite side to a greater extent than than 50% of twain groups say depository library satisfy our learn and 76% of clinical nurses prefer to determination markinged and digital preferences in parallel and 81% of nursing students prefer to use printed and digital resources in parallel . many an sepa ramble(prenominal) of clinical nurses and nursing students kindred to communicate desexualises and professors because they rely them. nevertheless in point browsing internet is the most virtuoso use amongst them.Conclusions and Recommendations 14 -70 % of clinical nurses and 20-87% nursing students are browsing internet but 80% of clinical nurses do not use Database because 45% of them do not consider skills to muddle with Database. for that 95% of them supported to down the stairsgo teach courses to Acquire the skills for dealing with Database. an new(prenominal) rationalness that Prevents them from apply is 40% of them do not shed penetration to Medical Database. 56% of them do not bring in nurture professional help them Help them get their necessarily Informatics and they want them to be in their working place. Nursing students do not use Database because 43% of them do not consume skills to deal with Database. for that 96% of them supported to undergo culture courses to Acquire the skills for dealing with Database. an early(a) reason that Prevents them from utilise is 35% of them do not flip entree to Medical Database.INTRODUCTIONclinical nurses and nursing students are motivating for medical, wellness, specialised and accurate selective info to solve uncertainty or uneducated stead of their knowledge to be open to supply services for institution. clinical nurses trust their doctors and period nurse which make 8 40% of clinical nurses interchangeable to communicate with them, Nursing students trust their professors which make 9 43% of nursing students like to communicate with them. 10 50% of clinical nurses are communicated daily and 12 60% of their teaching requirement are satisfied by dint of communication.11 48% of nursing students are communicated daily and 14 61% of their information need are satisfied through wit h(predicate) communication. But Cheryl Dee, PhD give in his study on University of federation Florida that benignant resources is the most iodine clinical nurses and nursing students use it not like our study.Due to the fact that close to nursing students see their Scholastic Books Somewhat old and their orbit always need for sweet and updated information, 17 -74 % of them browsing internet and 20 87% are daily, 4 17 % of them like to bay new electronic and printed Magazines that include medical articles rated by 8 35 % monthly, 4- 20% of them learn Medical conferences and seminars rated by 10 43 % monthly.In the other hand 14 -70 % of clinical nurses browsing internet and 17 85% are daily, 4 20 % of them like to bay new electronic and printed Magazines that include medical articles rated by 7 35 % monthly, 4- 20% of them attend Medical conferences and seminars rated by 8 40 % monthly.Scientific hunters Noticed the incr rest period of use electronic resources, espec ially the cyberspace and electronic Database . But at heart that situation 80 % of clinical nurses and78% nursing students do not able to use Database because 40 % of clinical nurses and 35% of nursing students do not have entry , 45 % of clinical nurses and 43% of nursing students have leave out skills, 10 % of clinical nurses and 9% of nursing students said some(prenominal) D.B. have bad design and other reasons that take guardianship in map below.Table 1Barriers of using infobasesClinical nurses (n=20) Nursing students(n=23)96% of nursing students are supported to undergo training courses to Acquire the skills for dealing with Database. With that training courses they Acquired the skills necessary to deal with D.B. in localize to satisfy their information need and provide services.44 % of clinical nurses and 40% of nursing students do not have specialized information professional to help them in unanimous their information needs. And they want information professional to be there to fate , studying and improving their information behavior.Related studies1-There articles Reviews of how doctors and nurses is assay for on the internet are relatively rare, especially where interrogation examines how decide whether to use meshwork- ground resources. master key re face in the online inquiring behavior is overly rare, curiously in real world clinical settings. as is original research into their online prying behavior. This review collates some of the existing evidence, from 1995 to 2009.There are appear to be no statistically significant differences between the reasons why doctor and nurse seek the internet .Reasons to search for information on the earnings on a large scale is the analogous patient palm in the first place and CPD (continuing professional development).2- in any case, There are studies take note nurse of the patterns of their on-duty information behavior.The result is Nurses Patient-Chart Cycle which describe the activities during their shifts on symmetrical whirling between the interaction with patient and planning with patient .The behavior of nurses has changed significantly between the interactions with the planning and interaction with the patient. And focused attention on proper(postnominal) information of the patient. They had almost no duration or prospect to chew the fat published sources of information while on duty.Libraries often provide nurses with information services that are based on academic models of information behavior . Is designed more clinical information systems for recording medical and lawful aspects of conservation of nursing do. Understand the reality of nurses information just about behavior and the on-duty may guide designers of system and libraries in the provision of more distinguish system and services.METHODSThis study resulting from cooperation of a group from imam university information professionals under graduate and National Guard Hospital and Specialis t Hospital and Habib wellness center and student in Nursing Administration, Oncology Nursing, Psychiatric Mental vexation Nursing and First Aids.In all that centers and hospitals that we allayed our study on sentence is most major they care with, then(prenominal) Electronic tools and internet connection, then skills and authorization for main course is importance and it was Available to them at different levels and qualities and sterilizeations. particular funding techniques that we use areFirst Questionnaire was for the clinical nurses and nursing students. we regard them about usage and likeability of each available resource, using Database and skills needed for that and their barriers. mho interview with clinical nurses and nursing students to explain some cases in Questionnaire. deuce-ace Observe clinical nurses and nursing students information behavior to help, study, better their information behavior.RESULTSUse of specific information resourcesBrowsing internet is the mo st resource used by clinical nurses and nursing students are among 8 other resources because they always want updated information. But Cheryl Dee, PhD set up in his study on University of southwestward Florida that internet is not the most used one because they look at in not every think in internet is uncoiled except format blogs.Then human resources is the second because clinical nurses and nursing students trust their doctors, professors and head nurse but usually there is no judgment of conviction to discussion. So that information resources is the second not the first. But in Cheryl Dee, PhD study on University of mho Florida human resources is the most used one because their doctors and head nurses like to discuss and discover new fields together.Books is the third base not because all clinical nurses and nursing students are like it , because some of their official Prerequisite them to read it. Where in Cheryl Dee, PhD study on University of South Florida clinical nurs es and nursing students there are like to read it and authorise there knowledge and they are believe in books have fundamentals that clinical nurses and nursing students should have.Journals and conferences is fourth because some of them do not have time, others can not go and some of them do not like to bay wellness journals. But in Cheryl Dee, PhD study on University of South Florida clinical nurses and nursing students work on fined time to attend wellness conferences and they like Scientific debates and perspectivesDatabase and personal resources is the last one because of lose skills, knowledge and accessibly. Bu in t Cheryl Dee, PhD study on University of South Florida clinical nurses and nursing students really care with Obtaining skills and raise their personal scientific ammunition.The flowing map show rate of using each resources.Table 2 run of using different resourcesClinical nurses (n=20) Nursing students(n=23)Electronic resourceclinical nurses and nursing students have IT tools, internet connection, but major two cases suppress their usage of resources in time and skills. The flowing chart show rate of frequency using time of resources.Table 3Clinical nurses and nursing students frequency of use of health information sourcesRelated studies1-There articles Reviews of how doctors and nurses is search for on the internet are relatively rare, especially where research examines how decide whether to use Internet-based resources. Original research in the online searching behavior is also rare, particularly in real world clinical settings. as is original research into their online searching behavior. This review collates some of the existing evidence, from 1995 to 2009.There are appear to be no statistically significant differences between the reasons why doctor and nurse seek the internet .Reasons to search for information on the Internet on a large scale is the same patient care in the first place and CPD (continuing professional development).2- Also, There are studies observe nurse of the patterns of their on-duty information behavior.The result is Nurses Patient-Chart Cycle which describe the activities during their shifts on regular rotation between the interaction with patient and planning with patient .The doings of nurses has changed significantly between the interactions with the planning and interaction with the patient. And focused attention on specific information of the patient. They had almost no time or opportunity to consult published sources of information while on duty.Libraries often provide nurses with information services that are based on academic models of information behaviour . Is designed more clinical information systems for recording medical and legal aspects of conservation of nursing care. Understand the reality of nurses information about behaviour and the on-duty may guide designers of system and libraries in the provision of more appropriate system and services.DISCUSSIONHuman resourcesThis study result that clinical nurses and nursing students use human recourses.In questionnaire , It was 60% of both groups use human resources . While 30% of nursing students use human resources at least once a week, but 35% of clinical nurses did the same.In interview, they explained why they used them?. They said consulting them ,because it is the fast way to get sure and accurate information.But Cheryl Dee, PhD institute in his study on University of South Florida that the human resources is the most resource use of both group ,because their doctors and head nurses like to discuss and discover new fields together. Also ,they believe that human resource is way to get reliable and accurate information is not like our study.Print resourcesAlso , this study result that clinical nurses and nursing students use print resources . In questionnaire , It was 70% of both groups based on print resources. We make up 15% of clinical nurses using books daily. lonesome(prenominal) 13% of nursin g students did the same. Also we found 20% of clinical nurses read the scientific journal daily. only 17% of nursing students did the same . In interview, they explained why they used print resources like human recourse. They said that because the print resource calorie-free and convenient to access and most reliable.But Cheryl Dee, PhD found in his study on University of South Florida that the print resources is most and like recourse used because its provided easy and convenient access to information. Also they get hold they preferred this resources because they available more than other recourses.Table 4Barriers of using databasesClinical nurses (n=20) Nursing students(n=23)Electronic resourcesElectronic resources gives nurses update and quality information. In questionnaire, It was 70 % of clinical nurses and nursing students using electronic resources. We found 85% of clinical nurses browsing internet daily ,but 87% of nursing students did the same. Also we found 15% of clin ical nurses use Database ,but 17% of nursing students did the same .In interview, they explained why they dont use database .First of all ,because some of them didnt have skills for dealing with Database. An other reason that prevents them from using it that they do not have access to medical database. The less skill nursing tend to familiar Internet resources much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as search engines, rather than health information databases that is harder for them.But Cheryl Dee, PhD found in his study on University of South Florida that the use of electronic resource is less resource used because a lot of reasons. First of all, miss of computer , lack of connection to the internet, or may be they have both but do not believe that every occasion in internet is true .Also, the use of databases is fairly low because lack of skilled , training, no time, or do not have subscriptions to access.figurer accessWe foundthat morethan14-70%of theClinical nursesand17-74%of Nursing studentspreferto useelectronic resourcesto obtainthe informationthey needin the medicalfield,and providingease ofconnectionto the Internet.Incontrast,10%do notuseelectronic sourcesanddatabasesin particular,due tolack oftraining in theuseof databasesand thelack ofthe necessary skillsto interactwith reduced accesstodatabasesorscarcityinuse.We have also notedthat manyof thenursesandnursing studentsclinicaluse of electronic sourcestoretrieveand researchin themedical informationthey need. electronic computer and database skills perception versus realityWe found that 70% of clinical nurses are using internet and 10% of them use databases, of whom 20% use e-books and magazinesAnd also that 47% of nursing students are using internet and 13% of them use databases, of whom 22% use e-books and magazinesAs we have found from the results of the questionnaire that the use of the Internet on a daily rear end, as well as the use of search engines such as Google because its easy to find wha t youre looking for and put it is the vocalize semantic search and extraction of topics, also found that during the interview give tongue to that the use of the Internet is easy for themto get the information they need and economise them time ..But we find that the databases used them for a few and that because of obstacles is a lack of skills and training to the implementation of the use of databases and deal with it properly addresses the need to get the information they have.And also through the corresponding one nurses said that has not been trained on how to use databases in the search for well extracted to the information they need,And also 30% of the nursing students do not have enough time to search databases in fact there is disparity in the use of nursing students to the database and it depends on the previous experience of the singular if found to have previous experience in how to use the database makes it easy to use for the individual.Training neededWe have state d that the participants initially averse(p) to move away from simple techniques in the search on the Internet to use the features developed .. after the order initial participants worked in tapered the search through the exercises and focused on topics of their own using limits such as language rights and magazines subsidiary, while adding addresses the Sub- . However, when participants had the research on the topics of personal discover trainees that about 33% do not work to narrow and limit their search.has revealed the corresponding reasons for reluctance of the initial search and narrow,. The first was the strong form of search engines on the Internet, because of inflation, the number of information The participants wish to retrieve no two groups have acknowledged in the interview that the practice of searching the database is a way to narrow the scope of the search and in appendix has proved many of the stakeholders exercise training to use the database.indicated the inter view that it also has a variety of reasons among nursing students and (clinical nurses) to (clinical nurses) public assistance from training in order to be able to gain access to the database .. In terms of nursing students was searching the fields to get the information is not clear to them, and they do not have access to the databases after the completion of the study nursing and stated that after training on the use used in useful and beneficial. some(prenominal) of these groups are keen to access the databases and access to information of high quality with increasing articles.Time factorThrough the questionnaires, we found that most clinical nurses and nursing students use the internet as a major source of information on a daily basis and through interviews we found that it is because of using their advanced devices that provide Internet browsing, such as Tablet PCs (iPad) , iPhone, blackberry, etc which are easy to carry and Move in each place so it save a lot of time when us ing it. This reinforced the earlier findings of Cheryl Dee(2005)Nurses are often busy and do not have enough time to search for information from some(prenominal) sources.Need for informationThrough interviews we found that the most of clinical nurses are usually found their information need is simple, brief answers to questions patients, and with regard to care for health and in these cases they are need only to surf the Internet medical sites to coverage a need of this type and they are in a few cases tends to use of specialized medical databases such as pubmed. This reinforced the earlier findings of Cheryl Dee (2005)nurses Information needs are few and moderate to answering the questions of the patients, and health care for them.Nursing students information needs are limited to the field of their study such as the completion of the research or the specific assignment given to them Nursing students reported that they used medical research articles from quality databases for scho ol assignments, but that they needed more concise, factual information resources that were immediately available to them for clinical patient care questions( Cheryl Dee,2005) .They are using Internet medical sites and books to coverage a need of that type.Library useThrough questionnaires and interviews, we found that most clinical nurses seldom use libraries to meet their health information needs. This reinforced the earlier findings of clinical nurses with no access to healthrelated libraries at work did not seek out other health sciences libraries for research( Cheryl Dee,2005) .Nursing students tends to use of health libraries frequently as necessary to masterly the medical research they are required to complete it in the field of their studies. In contrast nursing students made marginal use of the health sciences library( Cheryl Dee,2005)CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, we found the results from this study that small-scale human and print resources (print resources) are still prefe rable to electronic sources of health information for patient care. Has made it clear both nursing students and nurses during my meeting with them the reason for the preference is for ease of use, and that input on the spot to gain access to sources of documented health information, and nursing students arrive to the many sources of health information of high quality, but they tend to use two documents to easily access and awareness of the sources and content. and also nurses have had limited opportunities to obtain health information and rely on their own experiences and to colleagues and story books in the patients they have. This continued popularity of books macrocosm sources for patient care to all participants, because the books provide immediate access to unofficial information. However quickly become outdated The e-books are to meet this need. Both of nursing students and nurses needed to improve their information management skills, particularly their database to search fo r skills. In this study, advanced search skills, was derived mainly from the Internet and as a result, they need more training in the use of unique data base such as research, the determinants and subject headings.RECOMMENDATIONSThey recommend the training of health sciences librarians to provide information about libraries and library services to meet the some(prenominal) medical and educational needs of nursing students and nurses. Can be submitted through their lessons documented in libraries during the most recent sources of information, especially health care(NLMs Pub Med, Medline Plus, TOXNET, and NCIs cancer.gov database)As well as lessons in basic skills to use the computer for the preparation of nurses have the ability to search the database. Consequently, the means of health care to make these resources available appropriately to stories of patients and supervisors must Nursing to hike up nurses to take the advice to go and look at the sources of health care of patients b oth from the Academy for health sciences librarians and hospitals provide, with time, these libraries in aid of nurses, as well as making a database of wellness Sciences New or provide a database for the renewal of information and answer questions in the search features in the database, that belongs to them benefit would therefore be training on the increased visibility of the library and evidence on the ability of Library to meet the needs of the nurses health information. Also recommend the provision of reference books on the floors of patients to nursing supervisors personally, because the supervisors have little time left patients floors then your order in time and little to offer them information in the pamphlets. Our interviews revealed in this study, nurses look on the supervisors were not encouraging them to search themselves and their superiors did not participate in the search by using the available literature. Getting information to patients and floors can remonstrate wi th supervisors be the first step in raising the awareness of supervisors and reside in the library. It seemed to the participants in this study are eager for more access to information of patient care, more training database, and improve computer skills. Health Sciences Libraries opportunity to help meet the information needs of nurses and to help improve their knowledge.

Pizza Hut Marketing Plan

pizza pie pie pie pie pie pie pie pie hutch Marketing Plan pizza pie hut is subsidiary of yum Brands. Inc. The worlds hugest eating place club with more than 34,000 restaurants in over carbon countries. riotous regimen industry in growing actu ally speedily and so many mod companies be entering in the commercialise. overdue to the adjoind ambition companies argon losing their mart sh ars.pizza army hut is preparing to put in a rude(a) harvest-feast c entirelyed The Pickle Supreme pizza in the UK grocery. The Pickle Supreme pizza pie buns market consist of professionals those overhear little clip, students, single person rearholds, families with mettle virtually or medium income. geographically this crossway bestowing tar hold step forward Asiatic heap which we timbre that ar little served in future by pizza shack. The cutting pizza go out expand the pizza line and offer up more options in our easily balanced menu. Our study riva ls implicate Domino pizza pie, McDonalds, KFC and some other contiguous Service Restaurants (QSR).The primary objective of this hotfound pizza is to serve our Asiatic customers and take competitory over other competitors. We to a fault want to attach our market shargon by 2 percent in the market with the admirer of this smart Pickle Supreme pizza. Our merchandising send offning exceptt of this new increase go away consist to situational analysis of the market, 7Ps of merchandising go and verify and implementation stage in which our trade team survey the effectiveness of our plan. The marketing department leave be responsible of writ of execution this marketing plan into action.SITUATION ANALYSISA bit of demographic and tender switch offs in the UK increasing demand for the quick religious dishers restaurants. The disassociate rates in UK and other growing trends immortalizes that people ar acquire married later in life.These cistrons and many others manage Government figures show the add together of single-person households rose from 12% of all households in 1971 to 18% in 2001.The figure is expected to reach 38% by 2026.The trends in the 2000s demo that individuals be choosing to eat step forward more often than eat at home. Another factor to consider is the increased number of women triming impertinent the home. As a result of more women in the workforce, household incomes be increased and be postgraduateer than past. The increased incomes and dual-carg geniusr familys result in little age and people set about no time to cook solid nutrient at home. Also because of higher incomes, consumers have more income that allowing them to eat kayoed more often and when they are at home they are looking at for something ready to eat.Market summaryThe UK is the humongousst desist nutriment market in Europe and e very 6 out of 10 consumers visit pizza pie shanty every year, 2 out of 10 for single of our important competitors.In the UK and Ireland, the pizza fast forage franchise industry is one of the fastest growing sectors, with pizza taking its place as a fashionable nourishment among consumers. Similar to eating trends in the USA, the UK is also expanding its habit level with millions of pizza being consumed every year. As in the States people eat 100 acres of pizza per day, or 350 slices a second, the UK is also catching up to this figure very quickly. In a recent survey driveed by BBC World found that 45% of people in the UK were agreeing that they resembling the taste of fast fare very much. pizza shanty market consist of professionals those have less time, students, single person households, families with high or medium income.Environmental abridgment(P)oliticalPolitical issues include regulatory and judicial system which may affect the business. As our target market is in UK and there are no series semipolitical problems in that market. cast up taxes stand affect pizza hut in future but better management volition help us to pass that problem.(E)conomicalUK is badly affected by rescission. Unemployment level is very high in UK and the savings of people are also very low. This economical slump in the UK allow for also affect the pizza pie Hut because pizzas at pizza Hut are expensive. We go outing consider thisfactor when background the price of our new pizza.(S)ocialEvery country has its own social norms, values and religion which can affect Pizza Hut correspond to its location. In UK people are from several(predicate) back grounds with disparate religion and values. We will consider all these factors in our new pizza specially a largeAsiancommunity in UK which in past was lessserved by Pizza Hut.(T)echnologicalDue to new technology there are so many distinct ways of marketing such(prenominal) as internet, telemarketing textmassages to theexisting customers as hale aspotential customers.We will use new orders of promotion to increase o ur market share.Target Market and Customer ProfileThis section includes the visibleness of the customers and target marketsAsiansDue to worldwideization people are coming from different countries in UK. Our study target is to serve Asian people with that intersection. Asian people like to eat spicy food and also large numbers of people are vegetarian or eat Halal food. This mathematical output will blanket all those people.StudentsStudents are the target market of Pizza Hut because they spend a lot of time with friends in universities and like to go out frequently for parties and celebrations.Dual-career familiesDual-career families result in less time at home they have less time to cook food at home. Also these people have higher incomes which allowing them to eat out more often.Single person house holdsThe single person house hold are also increasing these people are a target market of Pizza Hut. These people are also like to eat out most the times.Higher and medium income P rofessionalsHigh professionals are targeted by the pizza hut. Because of lesser time and high disposable income they prefer ready to eat food or eat out side. uprise Analysis(S)trengthsStrong Brand NameBrand recognition is major strength for Pizza Hut. Pizza hut has the sloshed brand reveal and a market leader by providing large range of pizzas that strong image of pizza hut will make it easy to ready new pizza in the market.Loyal customersLoyalty of customers is strength of Pizza Hut. The loyal customer will also help the Pizza Hut to launch new pizza in the market.Strong monetary come outPizza Hut has excellent international turnover and strong financial position will also help in new pizzas financial matters.Specialized in pizzasPizza Hut is specialist in pizza making and this specialty will stool a strong education in customers mind for our new jumble pizza.Subsidiary of Yum Brands,incYum is the worlds largest restaurant caller-out and Pizza Hut is subsidiary of Yum brand.Full service restaurantsPizza Hut provides a full service restaurant and gross sales talk services which some of the pizza Huts competitors are not doing. Because of restaurant facility Pizza Hut can market some other segments like families that other pizza irons cannot.(W)eaknessesHigh pricedPizzas at Pizza Hut are high priced. This is the greatest weakness Pizza Hut has in the market as compared with others.Higher smash costsPizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant services and extra facilities that other competitors do not have to grant with.Fewer outletsPizza Hut has the lesser number of outlets and consumers feel difficulty to find pizza Hut. The Pizza Hut chains are not spread as compare to the other fast food restaurants. more focused on western tastePizza Hut is more focused on western taste and less on others. The new arrival will also helpful to overcome that weakness.(O)pportunitiesNew Pizzas with different sizes and tasteThis opportunity is always open for pizza hut to come with new tastes and sizes and served the better than others. We can generate more revenue with our new innovative pizzas. Pickle pizza will help us to take full benefit of that opportunity.Halal pizzaPizza Hut has the opportunity to provide the Halal pizzas and capture a new segment which will increase the market share of pizza Hut. snatch of outletsPizza Hut has the opportunity to expand the business so Pizza Hut should open more outlets to increase market share and debate will with others like McDonalds.(T)hreatsIncreased completionThe competitions in fast food industry is increasing day by day, this increased competition trim down the profit margins in the industry and also cause a great decrease of market share.Low prices by competitorsThe prices of the competitors are the major foreboding for Pizza Hut. The competitors are crack low prices to the customers and have competitive advantage over Pizza Hut.Frozen pizzasOther competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas that are visible(prenominal) in super stores and grocery stores.Competitors AnalysisPizza Hut is facing huge competition in the market. Competitors of Pizza Hut areRestaurants and cafesFast-food and Quick-service RestaurantsDominos pizza, Inc.Dominos Pizza, Inc. is an international fast food pizza delivery corporation. Dominos pizza is the UK and Irelands leading pizza delivery confederation. Dominos first UK store opened in 1985. Dominos pizza is the call competitor of the Pizza Hut. Low prices of pizzas are the real competitive adjoin of the Dominos.McDonaldsMcDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. More recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and fruit.KFCKentucky Fried Chicken, or KFC, is a chain of fast food restaurants ground i n Louisville, Kentucky.KFC is the subsidiary of Yum Brand. While its primary focus is fry chicken but giving tough time to the Pizza Hut. KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts.Quick Service Restaurants (QSR), Takeawaysthither are thousands of topical anesthetic quick services restaurants are involved in the UKs fast food industry. These local takeaways are providing pizzas, fried chicken, and salads according to the local consumers taste and on very low prices. These restaurants are the real competitors of the pizza hut. The new Pizza Huts yap pizza will help pizza hut to compete with these restaurants.MacDonald Corporation is the largest group among all top Fast Food corporations. It is having huge brand value as well as revenue, Moreover, the dominos Pizza Inc is the lowest earning group among all, but these all companies are having a universal aim to provide bore food at lower price to the customers. In order to survive in the global industry a company must come up with new tactics and innovations to charge ahead of the competitors.Product OfferingWe are offering a new pizza to our customers that will be especially popular in Asian customers and also other pizza consumers. New pickle supreme pizza will be gettable in all different bases and toppings.Available BasesTuscaniPanThe ItalianCheesy BitesStuffed Crust top-flightTopping of the pickle supreme pizza will be interracial pickle, mushrooms, interracial peppers, black olives (customers can add any other easy topping of their choice).AvailabilityThe pickle supreme pizza will be on hand(predicate) in our three menus with different sizes as other pizzas are availableRestaurant menuDelivery and takeaway menuaccruement menuPizza dealsThe new pickle pizza will be available at all pizza hut chains throughout UK. We will take start from England and Wales and then cover Scotland and Ireland as well. marketing PLANThe opportunities are also the part of the marketing strateg y.Marketing ObjectivesPizza Hut has the largest market share in the pizza industry. The high type of product and services of the pizza hut will help to control good chance at achieverful introduction of a new pizza. The fast food industry is famous for introducing new products to increase short-run sales. This new pizza will increase the market share of the company .Pizza Hut has the competitive edge in innovative products and this new product that will also be successful in the market. There is a high completion in the market the introduction of a new product is required to conserve ahead of the competition.One of our main objectives is to provide a pizza to our Asian customers and to fill a gap mingled with pizza hut and our customers. As earlier mentioned that there is a large community of Asian people living in UK and we fell that they are less served by the Pizza Hut. The new pickle supreme pizza will help us to achieve that objective.Other objectives includeIncrease in f ast food market share.Maintain the competitive edge of the innovations.Fulfil the demand of the customers.Increase in profitability and growth.Target marketsThe UK will be the target market of the new pickle supreme pizza. Our major aim is to catch Asian costumers by introducing this new product because we feel that they are less served in the past. Other pizza hut costumers will also like this new pizza. Changing social and demographic trend in UK contributed to increased demand for fast food and our target customers include Students, Dual-career families, Single person households etc.PositioningInnovations in menu and service offerings have been the key to Pizza Huts success in UK. Using product line extension we are spot the pizza Hut an advanced(a) and quality food restaurant chain. Pizza Hut already positions itself as an excellent services and food provider in the fast food industry.Marketing MixAs with all businesses, the most important purpose of a company is to increase revenue and profits. With the introduction of this new product we hope to increase the overall sales of the company as well as the services and quality of the products.ProductThe reason behind our success in all over the world is uncompromising drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value.Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. Pizza can be part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizza include mixed pickle, mushrooms, mixed peppers, black olives (customers can add any other available topping of their choice). Pickle supreme pizza will be available in all sizes in which other pizzas are available such as individual (4 slices) medium (6 slices) large (8 slices). Pizza Hut has strengthened a strong brand name that means quality products and services. Since Pizza Hut will be introducing Pickle supreme pizza customers will automatically thi nk this is a high quality product. tollPizza Hut is successfully using the high/low pricing strategies when setting the retail price of its products. This high/low pricing strategies will help to serve more segments in the market. The price of pickle supreme pizza should be set as5.99 for individual10.99 for medium13.99 for largePrice skimming strategy will be used as Pizza Hut sets high initial prices for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. The medium and large pickle pizza will be available in deals as well by pay 2.99 extra customers can add salad of their own choice.PlaceAt set up we are using the direct statistical dispersion channels because our markets are very large and geographically dispersed. Other reason of direct distribution is that we have a large number of buyers, but a small substance purchased by each. Different methods of distribution will be used for pickle supreme pizza as company is streamly using for other products.Home delivery is the first distribution method by pizza Hut. Pizza hut provide the pizza for those who want to stay at home and eat pizza.Online ordering is another distribution method that we are using now.Customers can go to the nearest Pizza Hut and can sit and eat there Pizza Hut provides an excellent sit down facilities to customers where they can sit and enjoy the variety of pizzas.This is the most useful distribution method for our pizza. Our new pickle pizza will be available in all distribution channels. This is One of Pizza Huts largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility.PromotionThis objective of the promotion is to bring about sensory faculty of the new product, Stimulate demand and variegate the short term behaviour of the customers. We will use different publicizing methods to come before Pickle supreme pizza such asAdvertisement on telecastingBillboard in the main areas to get our customersLeaflets distribution in colleges and universitiesDoor to Door distribution of leafletsIn store promotionsBanner adsAdvertisement in Foot screwball groundsE-mailsAdvertisement on the Web sitesThese methods are used to press our product in the market. We use different personas of advert to draw awareness in our target market, we use leaflet distribution in universities to create awareness in student about our product. Advertisement on television in very expensive but we will use that method in the introduction stage of the product where intensive marketing in required. The objective is to create awareness among 90% of our target consumers about the new product.PeoplePizza Huts providing a very comfortable working milieu and our employees are very flexible and they can adopt any change in product with great ease. We will arrange training sessions for employees to raise their skills according to the new product. We will put all our efforts to satisfy our employees. impactWe will not compromise on qualit y and services in our restaurants. Our process will remain up to the mark for our new product as well. We have sufficient space for our new product to deal with. We will provide quality food, efficient services with on time deliveries. So our processes will continue without any problem. carnal EvidencePhysical evidence is the place where the services being delivered. We are providing full service restaurants with family environment and excellent services. Our new product will also be available in restaurants menu and we have enough space to cover them.Action PlanThe Pickle Supreme Pizza will be introduced and available to the customers in start of the July. The purpose of this action plan is to create awareness among the customers about their new product.Here are summaries of action plan we will use during the first four months to achieve our stated objectives.JuneIn June we will start our promotional activities by using in-store advertisement with the guide word of coming soon or new arrival, advertisement on the television system in between world cup football matches. We know that this type of advertisement is very expensive but we expect that this type of advertisement will return us huge revenue.JulyWe will start write media and internet crowd to target professionals, students and single households. We will start leafleting in universities, emails to the professionals and advertisement on the famous website like yahoo or msn to create awareness among our target market. We will continue in store advertisement in this month by giving special discount in meal deals.AugustIn post launch advertisement campaign we will continue leaflet distributions and will use some less expensive techniques of promotion like emails, text messages, magazines and countersign papers.SeptemberWe will continue our promotions but with less intensity. We will advertise in the news papers and magazines, leafleting with some other promotions on it in order To keep in touch with ou r customers.Marketing ResearchWe will identify the market trends and the reaction of the target market towards the product with the help of different types of search methods. This marketing research will help us to identify the positioning of the product in the costumers mind. We will use the following methods to conduct our marketing researchQuestionnairesWe will prepare a questionnaire that will help us in collecting primary data from the customers. The questionnaire will be consisting of different question which will cover all the points that will required to get the accurate research results.SurveysSurveys will keep us up to eon about our customers expectations and make us fulfils their needs and wants more effectively. For this we would have to conduct a marketing survey of our market and try to find out that what our customers want and what they feel about new product. Whether they are satisfied with our product or want any up gradation in it. pass away Market TestLive marke t test will work in two ways such as survey and promotions at one time. In store advertisement, promotions and distribution will be make and free samples will be offer to the people and feedback back will be taken from them. This feedback can positive or negative but will help us in future planning of the products.Feedback take a crapFeedback forms are also very important method of survey which will provide quick information with very low cost. Costumers will give information about their experience about products and services which help us to remove deficiencies if any.Financial MattersWe are financially strong enough to introduce a new product in the market. The advertisement budget will be 5% of the projected sale. We are expecting that the Pickle supreme pizza will increase our sale by 6%, this forecast is based upon pervious products sale by Pizza Hut. This 6% increase in sale will bring 600 million in revenue. It means announce budget will be of 30 million. No other fructif y and equipment expenses will be accrued because the existing plant and machinery is used for the drudgery of Pickle Supreme Pizza.Controls and ImplementationWe will establish a control program to help the management in bar the results and identifying any problems or performance variation that need corrective actions. The control process involves establishing standards and measuring performance to correct deviations from standards.We will use different techniques to monitor quality and customer service satisfaction. This will help us to react very quickly in correcting any problems at the beginning. We will implement the following method to determine the effectiveness and customer satisfaction from our new product. yearbook plan controlIn this method will monitor that whether company is achieving the targets and goals that are expected from the new product. Different are used monitor this such as Sales analysis, market share analysis, balance notice etc.Efficiency ControlWith th e help of this will control on spending efficiency and marketing expenditures. In this we will analyze the sales force efficiency, advertising and sales promotions effectiveness as compare to expenses on all these things.Customers feedbackThis method will be used to collect information from the customers because this will help us to take immediate actions against any problem. Customers are the primary source to check the success of the product. Customers feedback will help us in taking further steps if required.Marketing OrganisationsMarketing coach will hold overall responsibility for all of the companys marketing activities and all managers in the marketing department will report to the director. Marketing scrutinize plan will also executed enter the supervision of the marketing director.CONCLUSIONI have critically analysed the Pizza hut and its current market situation and found that the fast food trends are ever-changing customers are demanding high quality food with excellent services and academic session arrangements. Pizza hut is offering large range of pizzas with salads, desserts etc, under one roof. Pizza hut also provide restaurant facilities to the customers. With the help of heavyset research of the market i found that the Pizza hut is losing large market share by ignoring a rapidly growing market of Asian Customers in the UK. These customers are less served by Pizza Hut but now its time to fill that gap by introducing a new Pickle Supreme pizza.The market environment of fast food industry in UK is very competitive. Pizza Hut is facing direct completion as well as in direct competition in the market in the form of Dominos, McDonalds, and KFC. Pizza Hut is a high price restaurant as compare to its competitors but providing high quality food and sitting facilities. Pizza hut has fewer number of outlets which is a weakness of pizza hut

Effect of Video Games on Brain Functions

Effect of Video Games on Brain FunctionsThe denseness of the Human MindIn Video GamesStefan NikolovContents (Jump to)Abstract publications ReviewCurrent PerceptionsAbstractThis research paper was created with the intention of taking the reader on a guided journey towards understanding how the compassionate psyche functions within the virtual gentlemans gentleman of moving-picture show plunk fors. It explores the interaction in the midst of the senses of the nervous system and the racys artificial earth and attempts to point a connection between an soulfulnesss principal capabilities and the demanding requirements of a peppys take aim environment and attempt to find a balanced completelyiance between the devil.The paper is base around a research, conducted in effect to come up with approximate statistics about how the risques world triggers oral sex sensors and how and how much the gay consciousness responds fit to the nurture input it receives.A hasten track , named the Blackstone International Circuit was created as a supporting piece of level design work. With the help of an away controller, a steering wheel with resistance and force feedback, fellow students, who took donation in the research, were require to compete three laps around the circuit. The track was overly released on several online websites and that made possible the involvement of former(a) nameless separates. After they had their turn, they were asked to consummate a track questionnaire with questions related to their experience.The data of the questionnaire was posterior collected and analysed in order to establish a statistics database of how the separate senses puddle purpose when the human mind is engaged. The results revealed that the brains involvement was maximised and participants felt up richly immersed within the game environment. That allowed the collection of subconscious activity that was categorised to determine the type of game presence th ey had tactical, strategic or narrative.Findings also helped support the claim that a person with a strong co-ordination and reflex action abilities, which argon the main part of having a tactical game presence, would be called a good gamer. The majority of participants in the survey belonged to the group of persisters that engender tactical presence and had a very similar approach.Throughout this paper, design analysis and criticism, as well as self-assessment and reliable sources were the foundation for grammatical construction a valid and evident piece of academic writing.The paper concludes with suggested criteria for analysing the minds activity when playing a video game and get clearly distinguished results about the type of people that play video games in todays world.Literature ReviewAt the line of severally life experience, there is the information of it. It is the initial start of the human minds interaction with the surrounding environment and ultimately serves a s the foundation, on which events occur and build up.In the Oxford dictionary, the definition for the word perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something by dint of the senses. The environment of verity is consisted of an infinite number of information flows, which inevitably and constantly interact with the mind. If the drop of perception did not exist, there would be an extreme mental overload, as the amount of streaming actions would be too big to comprehend.Blake and Sekuler (2006) state that what is crucial is that perception provide us with a useful view of the world, rather than detailed and accurate one where useful think ofs being able to interact safely and effectively within our environment. Perception acts homogeneous an information distributer to the mind, allowing only relevant data to reach the brain, slice the unnecessary parts of the occurring event may even not sacrifice their way through.The two authors also explain that stimulation comes in unlike forms of physical energy thermal, mechanical, chemical, acoustic and electromagnetic. As a consequence, the human brains ability to accept and process information is applied through the five senses sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Working together, they create a complete find of the surrounding environment, enabling us to co-ordinate and interact with at a level of luxuriant denseness.The word immersion originally meant to submerge soul or something in a liquid., however, since the invention of video games and entertainment media in general, the meaning has evolved significantly, as far as it affects the human mind. consort to Wikipedia, immersion, in relation to a video game, can also mean a perception of being physically display in a non-physical world.The immersion in the video game world can be split into three different types tactical, strategic and narrative (Adams, 2005). The first gear two are easy to get to, as they require problem solving tactical is the type that requires skill and repetition of actions on the way to success strategic immersion involves calculation and prediction to overcome obstacles. However, narrative immersion is ponderous to accomplish, as a freshet of elements must work together story, characters, setting, acting, presentation, to salt away everything together in a successful emotional state.Rigby and Ryan (2010, p.84) explain how legitimacy is a key factor to the believability of an experience. It is what provides ground for the extra tincture towards immersion, as people usually choose to keep their distance from things that they visualize fake. Authenticity makes a output trustworthy and reliable, and helps the individual achieve the want blending of the solid (factual) and the imaginary (mental) world. According to the authors, each person has an individual set of requirements, called schema, which is applied to every experience in order to compare it to previous ones and determi ne if it can be classified as authentic.According to Madigan (2010), it is spatial presence that comes mop upst to what game players grok as immersion. It is considered to exist when the elements of a game world are accepted as real, allowing one to submerge fully into a product of the imagination and feel like they are as much present in the scene, as they would be in reality.The process takes place over two defined stages. At the First stage, a player is accept the surrounding world, composed of a variety of objects, sounds and events, which help create a saturated mental model of the games virtual universe. The south stage is engaging the mind on a subconscious level, where it feels part of a flawless reality and is fully immersed within the experience. It has the imagination modify in the imperfections of a certain part of a game level, for example, which were oblige by the limitations of the machine or the level of object detail.Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive research scien tist, in a keynote presentation (2012) about the relationship between the human brain and playing fast computer games, suggested that doing so actually improved the brains capabilities. According to her teams research, people who often play action games tend to solve problems faster, make better in multitasking and recognise and react to the surrounding environment to a greater extent accurately and with greater precision than people who do not. That is due to the fact, that, when fully immersed inside the game world, the brain would have to process often multiplication a lot more information than in a lot of real-life situations, which would essentially serve as training process and help the individual improve on problem solving. The results of that research were valid even months subsequently it was conducted.A very important, if not crucial factor for achieving a full immersive experience, when playing a game, is Realism. McMahan (2003) splits Realism of video games into two s ub-divisional types Social and Perpetual. The first type suggests the comparison between social interactions within a games environment compared to the real world, but the Perpetual Realism is the level of visual resemblance of the objects in that environment to the ones in reality.Most fast-paced games in todays world offer the possibility of complete interaction of the mind and game world, due to the fact that computer artistic creation and processing of game data is becoming rapidly faster with each year that passes. Game genres like any modern First-Person Shooter (FPS) game, much(prenominal) as Call of Duty or Battlefield, require almost the identical skill set for a proper playing experience. According to Gamer instal (2014), the top skills of a professional player are Love of the Game, plane dedication, Manual dexterity, Twitch reflexes, Strong multi-tasking, Analytical ability and Emotional Control. genius of the most realistic genres of games in todays world is the Si mulator. It considers factors, much(prenominal) as physics, lighting, shadows, shapes or events to create a world, which resembles reality as close as possible. Depending on the type of simulator, realitys properties can be used for a variety of purposes. Some games, such as synodic month Tycoon (2001) tend to focus on events that cannot occur in the authorized state of the world we live in. Others, such as SimCity (2013), use reality to propose a virtual representation of events in a real time game universe.A Racing Simulator is the type of game that would make a significant difference in how the mind can deal with reality. According to SAE (2014), the delay between events in the racing simulator can even induct motion sickness in drivers that is why it is unacceptable, as it can thin out effectiveness of driver-in-the-loop (DIL) systems used for studying vehicle dynamics. A game called rFactor master (2008) was developed to ensure the maximum of the virtual reality is plagi arizeed and a life-like experience is delivered to the drivers in order to get them fully engaged and lively for a race. SAE also writes that, as of 22 Jan 2014, the game is currently the supreme software in the simulator market, used in F1 and NASCAR teams to mentally prepare drivers.RFactor Pro is an upgraded version of rFactor, a racing simulator game, developed by Image outer space Incorporated (ISI) and released in 2005. RFactor has a very large community and a rich and diverse database of game extensions, called otherwise Mods tracks, cars, menu interface images, sounds and various add-ons, developed almost entirely by third-party source, such as myself. The game itself has a very realistic physics engine that enables accurate pretending of life-like racing experiences tire and engine wear, fuel consumption, wind resistance, tire grip, and so forth It engages the players in a believable environment (roads and racing tracks) to get them concentrated on the objective of ra cing against other cars or beating a time record.According to Angel Ever (2014), safety is the biggest benefit of racing simulation. In virtual reality, there is no possibility for the risk of real-life disability and danger. This removes the hazard factor, while preserving all other fun factors that driving a fast car can provide. A player is not required to wear safety equipment, or have their car inspected at all times, in contrast to a racing driver. Moreover, real racing is a lot more expensive, compared to virtual one, as the cars integrity is reset at the beginning of each playing session. There is also the freedom to drive, disregarding of the rules of the real world and experience pure fun when doing so.On the other side, a research, conducted by Continental Tyre UK (2011), suggested that people who often play driving games tend to be poorer drivers in real life. According to results, gamers are likely to take more risks, speed and be susceptible to wise driving more oft en than non-gamers. Around 16% of all the participants agree that driving games would make someone perform better in real conditions, while 40% said that virtual experiences contribute to dangerous style on the real roads.Current PerceptionsThe process of investigation is iterative and information is collected in a database for later evaluation. Since the method used in it does not change over time, that means that as the quantity of participants grows, the results accuracy grows as well.At the beginning of the project I already had a personal understanding of how a player interacts within the game world, based on my gaming experiences in the past. I wanted to examine the brains activity and how important it was for a player to have a complete image of the surrounding environment in order to extract the maximum of their performance. Several categories of interest were defined in order to achieve a guideline

Daru is Admirable in The Guest by Albert Camus :: essays research papers

The Guest by Albert Camus, is a story about the emotions, feelings and actions of the adept Daru towards the guest Arab. The Arab is a captive brought by an old gendarme named Balducci who had hit the hayn by Daru for lone time. Balducci wants Dura to deliver the prisoner to the police headquarter. Throughout the story, Daru is a person who does not comparable violent, he likes everything to be peaceful. He is likewise a careful person as well. As a reader, I admire the protagonist Daru because of his anti-violent.Daru is a schoolmaster of a schoolhouse on a hillside. He is a kind person. When Balducci brought the Arab to the schoolhouse, he kindly welcomed them into the room, and groove up the classroom for them to be more comfor circuit card. He made troop tea for them. At this point, the Arab?s hands were still bound by a rope by Balducci. Therefore, Dura asked Balducci to untie his rope. According to Balducci, the prisoner pull downed his cousin with a billhook because o f a family squabble. later getting to know this, ?Daru felt a sudden wrath against the man, against all men with their noisome spite, their tireless hates, and their blood lust (211).? From this point, we can see that Daru does not like violent. The rest of the story talked about how Dura observe and treat the Arab later Balducci left. Daru just leave the prisoner in the classroom by himself, and he went to his room. When he got up, he thought that the prisoner might already flee, only when the prisoner was still there. Then, Daru asked the Arab if he is hungry. He made cake for the Arab and himself. After diner, Daru set a folding bed between a table and the stove, perpendicular to his own bed for the Arab. Daru tried to ask the prisoner wherefore did he kill him, but the prisoner does not understand him well, so Daru had no idea how a person like him will kill somebody. Over the night, Daru did not get to sleep as usual because of a stranger was sleeping in the same room, and the stranger is a prisoner who killed somebody. The Arab got up once, walked towards to the door and went out, then came back to bed without making a sound during the night.

Saloon Culture Essay -- essays research papers

Saloon endingRoyal Melendy writes nearly a rising affectionate glossiness taking place at the turn of the twentieth century. He depicts this culture as the ambiance emitted in early simoleons pr purgetions. Saloons served umteen roles for the working-class during this period of American history, and were tagged as the poor valets social clubs (summary of saloon culture, pg. 76).Saloons were describe as part of the vicinity. An cosmos recognized and familiar to its people. Many laws restricted their services however, they continued to exist. The obligate talks about two types of saloons. The first off being the more upmarket in downtown districts. These would close nigh midnight not in accordance of rights to law, but demand. The other type Melendy calls saloons of workingmens districts (Melendy, pg. 77). He illustrates these clubs as alkali away from berth. They supplied the basis of food release for those whose home was in the avenue or for those residents of cheap lodging establishments. It is even stated that many saloons provided necessitous lunches.The article hash outes the need for these early Chicago saloons as a neighborhood commune for those men who labor great hours only to come home to scantiness and despair of a bare household. Melendy focuses on the mental, physiological, and moral constitution of these workingmen. He points out that this saloon culture allows its patrons to develop these traits by interacting with their peersothers facing the same despair. These establishments are exposit as the workingmans school. He is both scholar and teacher (Melendy pg. 78). Patrons make headway at the bar, around tables and in the next room amongst games of pool, cards, and darts to discuss political and social problems, sport news, and other neighborhood gossip. Here men, subjective and immigrant, exchange opinions and views of patriotism, brotherhood, and lessons in well-behaved government. Melendy describes this atmosph ere as cosmopolitan, and articulates that these businesses advertise this reward in their names. For example wholeness of the downtown saloons was entitled Everybodys Exchange. The saloons customers experienced a buffet of nationalities upon which was not so for those of poverty in previous decades. Saloons likewise served as disguises of corruption as Melendy illustrates by declaring ... ... Melendys discussion are lightly touched on in the evoke. The article does explain how just about patrons abused alcohol and would revel in drunkenness and shame, (Melendy, pg. 76) and even how the saloon wrecked their life. It also expresses the fact that well-nigh saloons would dis look nudeness and play on human lust in order to boost hard drink sales. Finally, Melendy in his last sentence of the choice states the youths are here the saloon crooked is too well known (Melendy, pg. 79). address of the Chicago Historical Society. acquirable at http//homicide.northwestern.edu/timeline/ 1905/large/29.jpgReferencesA millenary Biography, Chicago in 1900. (October 1999). functional athttp//www.chipublib.org/004chicago/1900/fun.htmlMelendy, Royal. The Saloon in Chicago, The American Journal of Sociology, 6 (November 1900) 289-306. higher up references with page numbers note an excerpt of this article as create in For the Record A docudrama History of America from reconstructive memory through Contemporary Times. Edited by David E. Shi and Holly A. Mayer. Other references denote the full moon length article available athttp//historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5765/ Saloon Culture Essay -- essays research papers Saloon CultureRoyal Melendy writes about a rising social culture taking place at the turn of the twentieth century. He depicts this culture as the ambiance emitted in early Chicago saloons. Saloons served many roles for the working-class during this period of American history, and were labeled as the poor mans social clubs (summary of saloon culture, p g. 76).Saloons were described as part of the neighborhood. An institution recognized and familiar to its people. Many laws restricted their services however, they continued to exist. The article talks about two types of saloons. The first being the more upscale in downtown districts. These would close around midnight not in accordance to law, but demand. The other type Melendy calls saloons of workingmens districts (Melendy, pg. 77). He illustrates these clubs as home away from home. They supplied the basis of food supply for those whose home was in the street or for those residents of cheap lodging establishments. It is even stated that many saloons provided free lunches.The article discusses the need for these early Chicago saloons as a neighborhood commune for those men who labor long hours only to come home to poverty and despair of a desolate household. Melendy focuses on the mental, physiological, and moral nature of these workingmen. He points out that this saloon culture all ows its patrons to develop these traits by interacting with their peersothers facing the same despair. These establishments are described as the workingmans school. He is both scholar and teacher (Melendy pg. 78). Patrons gather at the bar, around tables and in the next room amongst games of pool, cards, and darts to discuss political and social problems, sporting news, and other neighborhood gossip. Here men, native and immigrant, exchange opinions and views of patriotism, brotherhood, and lessons in civil government. Melendy describes this atmosphere as cosmopolitan, and articulates that these businesses advertise this issue in their names. For example one of the downtown saloons was entitled Everybodys Exchange. The saloons customers experienced a buffet of nationalities upon which was not so for those of poverty in previous decades. Saloons also served as disguises of corruption as Melendy illustrates by declaring ... ... Melendys discussion are lightly touched on in the excerp t. The article does explain how some patrons abused alcohol and would revel in drunkenness and shame, (Melendy, pg. 76) and even how the saloon wrecked their life. It also expresses the fact that some saloons would display nudeness and play on human lust in order to boost liquor sales. Finally, Melendy in his last sentence of the excerpt states the youths are here the saloon corrupted is too well known (Melendy, pg. 79). Courtesy of the Chicago Historical Society. Available at http//homicide.northwestern.edu/timeline/1905/large/29.jpgReferencesA Millennium Biography, Chicago in 1900. (October 1999). Available athttp//www.chipublib.org/004chicago/1900/fun.htmlMelendy, Royal. The Saloon in Chicago, The American Journal of Sociology, 6 (November 1900) 289-306. Above references with page numbers note an excerpt of this article as published in For the Record A Documentary History of America from Reconstruction through Contemporary Times. Edited by David E. Shi and Holly A. Mayer. Other r eferences denote the full length article available athttp//historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5765/

Dissolution Versus Debauchery in Sonnet 96 Essay -- Sonnet essays

Dissolution Versus bacchanalia in sonnet 96 The sonnets of William Shakespe ar chronicle the conflicts of love and lust mingled with the nordic two-year-old objet dart and the dark-haired lady. In Sonnet 96, Shakespeare acts as an apologist on behalf of the blond fresh human being as he concludes his converse on the green mans character. Here the poet presents a picture of the young man as a misguided youth caught up in youthful indiscretion, rather than a rapacious beast prowling for prey. Shakespeare illustrates the in herent differences mingled with profligacy and debauchery as he declares that upon first glance solely is not as it appears at that placefore, the young mans character must be examined in greater detail. Endeavoring to engender empathy for the blond young man, the poet elucidates the young mans strengths while emending his weaknesses. However, it is the advance grand of iambic pentameter throughout the entire sonnet that sets a tranquil lize rhythm suggesting all is well there is no cause for alarm. The initial quatrain of Sonnet 96 opens the debate on dissolution and debauchery, implying youthful indiscretion is the young mans only serious flaw. The first two transmission lines of the sonnet start out in the same way, with parallel sentence structure and alliteration resolve to say, which is deceptive, as the remainder of both lines adept and two are contradictory. In line 1, the poet chides the young man, telling him some people see his hopeless behavior as a result of youth and immaturity, though there are others who believe his bad behavior is indicative of his inherent righteous corruption. However, in line 2, the poet dismisses the concerns launch in line 1 by characterizing the young mans youthful dalliances as a special privilege of one ... ... brilliance The couplet, which should allow the poet to resolve any doubts regarding the young mans character, instead brings up more than questions. The (b) rhyme of the first quatrain is found in the couplet with the lecture differentiate (13) and report (14). Why would the poet return to the quatrain of contradiction when he is so close to restoring the young mans good name? This exact couplet is found in Sonnet 37, leaving one to wonder if this couplet belongs here at all. Does the poet truly believe his own supposition that the young man is only a dissolute youth, or does he question the square honorable character of the friend he loves? Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Sonnet 96. The Norton Anthology of side Literature. Eds. M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. seventh ed. 2 vols. New York Norton, 2000. 1 1031-32. Dissolution Versus Debauchery in Sonnet 96 Essay -- Sonnet essaysDissolution Versus Debauchery in Sonnet 96 The sonnets of William Shakespeare chronicle the conflicts of love and lust between the blond young man and the dark-haired lady. In Sonnet 96, Shakespeare a cts as an apologist on behalf of the blond young man as he concludes his discourse on the young mans character. Here the poet presents a picture of the young man as a misguided youth caught up in youthful indiscretion, rather than a rapacious beast prowling for prey. Shakespeare illustrates the inherent differences between dissolution and debauchery as he declares that upon first glance all is not as it appears therefore, the young mans character must be examined in greater detail. Endeavoring to engender empathy for the blond young man, the poet elucidates the young mans strengths while emending his weaknesses. However, it is the rising meter of iambic pentameter throughout the entire sonnet that sets a steady rhythm suggesting all is well there is no cause for alarm. The initial quatrain of Sonnet 96 opens the debate on dissolution and debauchery, implying youthful indiscretion is the young mans only serious flaw. The first two lines of the sonnet begin in the same way, with parallel sentence structure and alliteration Some say, which is deceptive, as the remainder of both lines one and two are contradictory. In line 1, the poet chides the young man, telling him some people see his bad behavior as a result of youth and immaturity, though there are others who believe his bad behavior is indicative of his inherent moral corruption. However, in line 2, the poet dismisses the concerns found in line 1 by characterizing the young mans youthful dalliances as a special privilege of one ... ... greatness The couplet, which should allow the poet to resolve any doubts regarding the young mans character, instead brings up more questions. The (b) rhyme of the first quatrain is found in the couplet with the words sort (13) and report (14). Why would the poet return to the quatrain of contradiction when he is so close to restoring the young mans good name? This exact couplet is found in Sonnet 37, leaving one to wonder if this couplet belongs here at all. Does the poet truly believe his own supposition that the young man is only a dissolute youth, or does he question the true moral character of the friend he loves? Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Sonnet 96. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Eds. M. H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. 2 vols. New York Norton, 2000. 1 1031-32.

James S. Hirsch’s Book, Hurricane :: Essays Papers

James S. Hirschs Book, HurricaneIn James S. Hirschs book about Rubin Hurricane Cater, Hurricane, the author describes how Carter was wrongfully imprisoned and how he managed to beat free. Hirsch tells about the nearly impossible battle for Carter and his friend John Artis for emancipation and justice. Both, Carter and Artis, were convicted of a triple homicide, and both were innocent. The book raises the importance of, and questions, the writ of habeas corpus. Carter utilise a writ of habeas corpus to get a federal trial. many another(prenominal) question the legality of Carter going into federal jurisdiction, when his baptistry should have been hear before the Supreme Court of New Jersey. It was a gamble, but the federal judge gave fair justice to Carter and Artis. The State of New Jersey appealed the case all the way to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the District Courts ruling.Rubin Hurricane Carter was a boxer who hailed from Paterson, New Jersey. His story begins in the summer of 1966, during the polite Rights Move manpowert. Carter was at the Lafayette Bar and Grill on June 17th, but he was denied operate by the parapettender, James Oliver, due to his race. Carter left the bar after macrocosm denied service. Around 230 A.M., two armed black workforce came into the Lafayette Bar and opened fire. Oliver and one customer were killed instantly. Two other patrons, cob Tanis and William Marins, were seriously wounded. Patty Valentine, a tenant who lived above the bar, looked out her window just after the shooting. She saw two black men come forth in a white car.Nearby Alfred Bello and Arthur Bradley were breaking into a factory. Bello was the lookout, and his take away location - inside or outside the bar - would be a point of concentration for the next twenty years. The police arrived at the bar within minutes. They took statements from Marins, Valenine, and Bello. Not one of them said they had seen Rubin Carter , one of Patersons more or less well-known citizens, at the scene. A police bulletin radioed officers to be on the lookout for a white car with two black men inside.Four minutes after the shooting, but before the police bulletin, a Paterson police officer was chasing a speeding white car which was departure town.

the new guinea cargo plane cult from a socialogicle perspective :: essays research papers

The New Guinea cargo bland cult from a functionalist perspective stresses that the un-industrialization of the cult is due to the developed world not sharing technological advances with the kin group (cult). The tribe leaders ability to apologize the purpose of the cargo planes and the tribes unfitness to succeed with wealthiness like that of the white man had a large affect on the tribes belief system.The tribes simple route of life was disturbed by the discovery of cargo planes in the sky, strokeing whatever beliefs the tribe had prior to that discovery. It was the conclusion of the leading or elders of the community that the planes where gifts from there ancestors and that their inability to succeed like other cultures was do to the white man coxing the plane to land in their fields, therefore stealing the riches that the cults ancestors sent to them. The shew function of the leaders needing to explain what was happening was do to the culture shock the tribe received wh en the first saw the planes, while however the latent function of the of this was to keep the tribe unified through ignorance. It was the only way to keep a small community of confused people together do to the fact that people do not like to be separated from the people whom theyve become familiar with. Though the manifest functions of tender the cargo planes proves to be a shift of blame from the tribe leaders to the white man, the latent function has proved to unify the tribe in faith and in their daily walk of life. Solidarity is their shining light of foretaste in a world that has left them, however to analyze a group of people from a sociological perspective one must provide more than one perspective.Karl Marx developed the conflict theory and reason out that the key to human history is class struggle. In every inn, just about small group controls the means of production and exploits those who are not in control (Henslin,2004 pg.15). According to Karl Marx authority tha t people regard legitimate permeates society on every level. People whom are in eyeshots of authority provide always try to enforce conformity within a community. In the case of the cargo plane cult the people of the community consider the priest as their legitimate authority, authorities that have come to actualisation that the discovery of the planes questions the knowledge of the priest and could in fact end their position as leaders in their community.