CVS business proposal Essay

Introduction In the United States, CVS is the largest pharmacy retail organization. This company operates over 6100 retail stores and specialty stores countrywide and has employed over 170,000 workers. There is a necessity of offering a wider range of prescription medication options and selections system-wide in a struggle for serving the consumer base of CVS Pharmacy more consistently and effectively. The purpose of this paper is to select a more realistic good or service for an existing industry. The paper will identify the market structure, along with elasticity of the product and will also include the way the pricing will relate to elasticity of the product. Furthermore, the paper will include the way the changes in the quantity supplied as a result of the pricing decisions will affect marginal cost and marginal revenue. Moreover, the paper will focus on the non-pricing strategies, and will explain the way the changes in the business operations could alter the mix of fixed and variable costs in line with the strategy. Market Structure The market structure of CVS Pharmacy is an oligopoly. It is a market structure in which a small number of organizations sell either differentiated or standardized products in which other organization’s entry is difficult. In this market structure, the control of the firm is limited over price of the product due to mutual interdependence (with the exception of when there is conspiracy surrounded by the organization) and in which there is a non-pricing rivalry (McConnell and Brue, 2004). The oligopoly turn out is the most common structure of big -business as the establishment of trust was limited in the United States. Evasion of pricing rivalry has turned out to be nearly automatic with four or five larger firms accountable for most of the output of every industry. If an organization were to drop the prices, it is expected that their competition will do the same and all will undergo a lower profit. Conversely, it is unsafe for any singular firm to increase their prices as the others will hold the prices with the intention of gaining a share of the market. â€Å"The safest strategy is to never lower prices and raise prices only when there is abundant evidence that the other firms will also raise prices. When business conditions permit, the price leader will raise their prices with the expectation that others will follow (McConnell and Brue, 2004). Price Elasticity â€Å"Price elasticity tells how much of an impact a change in price will have on the consumers’ willingness to buy that item. If the price rises, the law of demand states that the quantity demanded of that item will decrease† (Jennifer Tuck, Chron Small Business, 2013). Price elasticity of demand indicates the decrease in the quantity demanded. Elastic-demand indicates that the consumers of the goods or service are extremely sensitive to a change in prices. Generally, a product which has numerous substitutes or is not a necessity has demanded elasticity. Elastic demand indicates that the customers of the product are not extremely sensitive to price alterations. Upon analysis of elasticity of pharmaceutical products, it is certain that pharmaceutical products cannot be considered as a necessity. Medication is considered to be a basic item, essential for the prevention and treatment of ailments and disease and, consequently, they have a particular, non-substitutive tenacity and thus are not a necessity. It indicates, consequently, that they cannot be considered as elastic. (Tom Vander Beken, 2007). While it is factual for some branded goods with little rivalry, the demand for more crowded beneficial classifications where there are generic equivalents or rival satisfying substitutes can be highly elastic. It indicates that changes in price are met in relation to the quantity with larger changes demanded. For pharmaceutical makers, the primary goal is to realizing the degree of price elasticity. Pharmaceutical makers, for better understanding price elasticity, utilize a range of methods for assessing price elasticity, comprising quantitative research, qualitative research, and retrospective data analysis assessing the effects of a number of levels on prescription demand (Brent L. Rollins, Matthew Perri, 2013). Marginal Cost & Revenue A way to determine the quantity of profit maximization is to conclude where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. Rather than computing the profit for all levels of sales; total revenue and total variable costs are considered. Marginal revenues and marginal costs are considered in a similar way like marginal profit, thus defining the amount of change for all sales’ levels (Huter, 2012, p.2). Pricing & Non-Pricing Strategies CVS needs to think through numerous elements impacting its’ business. Pricing strategies, rivals and their current products, consumer demands and suppliers are examples of these elements. For pricing strategies, CVS should consider closeouts, discounts, product bundle pricing, penetration pricing, geographical pricing, and membership or trade pricing. For non-pricing strategies, options comprise: enhanced service quality, longer opening hours, advertising, and extended warranties (Kimmons, n.d.). By pricing similar products in a different way they must focus on regional demographics because geographic pricing enables the maximization of profit. For promoting unique or new products at provisional price drops, penetration pricing is the most effective. Finally, bundle pricing and closeouts can be engaged when several seasonal goods need to be sold off to avoid a loss (Kimmons, n.d.). Enhanced service quality, longer hours and advertising needs to be included in the non-pricing strategies. Advertising grabs the attention of the consumer to the brand and engages them, making them conscious of promotions and sales. Longer hours enables the organization the opportunity to service more clients—â€Å"the fisherman with the biggest net catches the most fish†. In the end, the automated verification and dispensing systems’ implementation will boost the quality of the service, particularly in the pharmacy to enable more pharmacists to be able to counsel the patient and provide better customer service. Barriers to Entry In the retail pharmacy industry, cost is the main barrier to entry. Economies of scale, as an incumbent, enable CVS to purchase larger quantities at lower rates due to a longer relationship with suppliers because they are purchasing in bulk. These advantages allow CVS to lower prices while maintaining profit. New entrants would not be capable of adequately competing with the old firms and do not enjoy these same benefits (Anonymous, 2012). Current Global Economic Conditions In the past six months, global economic conditions have developed. Policymakers of advanced economy effectively resolved two of the major short-term threats to global activities—the threat of a sharp monetary reduction in the United States and a euro area breakup. In response, according to the latest World Economic Outlook of IMF, financial markets have rallied, and financial constancy has developed. In 2013, the report predicts real global growth of Gross Domestic Product of 3.3% on a basis of yearly average, almost the similar as the 3.2% growth perceived in 2012, and the International Monetary Fund anticipates the growth to increase to 4% in 2014 (Thomas Helbling, 2013). The Pharmaceutical Industry of United States is one of the supporters of the US Economy. It has been perceived that the Pharmaceutical Industry of the United States is developing quickly and is demonstrating no indications of slowing down. The growth of the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. is also recognized as playing a very important part in the pharmaceutical industries around the world. Some experts have said that in the development of the United States’ pharmaceutical industries, media has played a key role. Experts have seen the major influence in the way the media has provoked health awareness among the people. Current Business Cycle’s Stage of the U.S. Economy Currently, the economy of the United States is in a stage of mid-cycle expansion. As indications of economic development seem to be gaining momentum, equity markets have solidly performed this year. In recent times, a boom in domestic energy and an increase in the housing market have been seen; while employment carries on to develop and grow. Early this year, the fiscal cliff’s resolution stopped a self-inflicted damage to the economy, letting development force to endure. â€Å"The index of US Leading Indicators—made up of 10 economic components that historically have had strong predictive power on GDP growth—also appears to confirm that growth remains intact.† (Matthew Rubin, 2013). However, current indications are becoming a reason for concern. The overdue impacts of payroll tax modification and monetary reduction through repossession has seemed to surprise financiers. Current Credit Market Conditions For consumers and for business loans, interest rates are lower this year compared to any other year. Credit exchange of U.S. government like discount, FFR and Prime rate are much lower. For example, there is a Prime rate of 3.25% and 10% more consumer loans are being given by the financial institutions. Still, loans for business are restricted and not given as easily as in the previous years. (â€Å"Beige book,† 2013) All these signs demonstrate that the market is starting to move and customers are beginning to buy and are content with the existing economy. CVS Pharmaceutical can invest in the market on this uptick by marketing with intention of attracting more customers. Conclusion The market structure of the CVS Pharmacy is an oligopoly. It is a market structure in which a small number of organizations sell either differentiated or standardized products in which other organization’s entry is difficult. Price elasticity of demand indicates the decrease in the quantity demanded. Elastic-demand indicates that the customers of the service or good are extremely sensitive to change in prices. CVS needs to think through numerous elements impacting its’ business so they may run smoothly. If CVS modifies the way they do business, they can impact their bottom line in many ways. In the past six months, global economic conditions have developed. Policymakers of advanced economy effectively resolved two of the major short-term threats to global activities—the threat of a sharp monetary reduction in the United States and a euro area breakup. The Pharmaceutical Industry of United States is one of the supporters of the US Economy. It has been perceived that the Pharmaceutical Industry of United States is developing speedily and is demonstrating no indications of lowering down. Currently, the economy of United States is in a stage of mid-cycle expansion. As indications of economic development seem to be gaining momentum, equity markets have solidly performed this year. References Anonymous. (2012). What Are Barriers to Entry, Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-barriers-to-entry.htm Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, Twelfth District–San Francisco. (2013). Beige book. Retrieved from website: http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/beigebook/beigebook201304.htm?san_francisco Brent L. Rollins, Matthew Perri, 2013 Pharmaceutical marketing, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 01-Feb-2013 Huter, S. (2012). How to Calculate the Profit-Maximizing Quantity, Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_6713701_calculate-profit_maximizing-quantity.html Kimmons, R. (n.d.). Pricing Vs. Non-pricing Strategies. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/pricing-vs-nonpricing-strategies-14166.html Matthew Rubin, 2013, Director of Investment Strategy, Strategic spotlight, an update to economic business cycle, retrieved from: http://www.btinvest.com.sg/experts-views/strategic-spotlight-an-update-on-the-global-business-cycle/ McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., & Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies (18th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. McConnell, C. and Brue, S. (2004). Economics: principles, problems and policies, 16 ed. McGraw-Hill Companies Jennifer Tuck, Chron Small Business, 2013, Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/relationship-between-price-elasticity-total-revenue-24544.html Tom Vander Beken, The European Pharmaceutical Sector and Crime Vulnerabilities, Maklu, 01, Jan, 2007 View as multi-pages

Reflection on Jack Hodgins ”By the River” Essay

In the story of By the River, the author relates the love story between the young woman, Crystal Styan, and her husband, Jim Styan, in the terms of faith, responsibility and dream. After reading this story, I wonder that why Jim chose to leave and why Crystal still believed he will come back, even though she realized that her dream of the life with him would not come true. When Crystal was in grade ten, she gave up the opportunity of studying further and chose to live a wonderful and idyllic life with Jim. After they moved to the log cabin which sits on the edge of river, they began to build a farm. Since Jim was lack of farming knowledge and had no any experience before, six chickens were frozen to death in the cold winter and the cow that he has just bought stepped off the train and ran away. He eventually abandoned his house and wife irresponsibly and left on the train after he cannot accept the fact that the dream of becoming famer will not come true. In contrast, Crystal always believed his husband and tried her best to help Jim realize his dream, even though sometimes she understood the decision that living with Jim was wrong. Crystal has always loved Jim so that she trusted her husband will be on the way home one day and came to the station to wait him for the past six month. But all are delusional and impossible, her husband will never return on the train, because the conductor told her that he was not on board. In conclusion, this kind of woman, Crystal, is frankly pathetic because her husband ruthlessly abandoned and left her without any words, while Jim is certainly looked down upon by others, because he is self-concern and irresponsible for their love and relationship.

The effectiveness of advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The effectiveness of advertising - Essay Example BMW, headquartered in Munich, Germany, was founded in the year 1916. Its primary line of operations include manufacture and sale of cars and motorcycles worldwide which is done in collaboration with its subsidiaries. The company belongs to the consumer goods sector and auto manufacturers–major industry. BMW’s automotive segment manufactures, assembles and sells cars and off road vehicles under famous brand names such as BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce. It also manufactures and sells BMW and Husqvarna branded motorcycles in their motorcycle division (Yahoo Finance, 2013). Campaign Strategy According to Ramalingam, et al (2006), effective advertisement’s can be characterized on the basis of two levels. The first level explains the need for the advertisers to satisfy consumer’s objectives by engaging them and delivering a relevant message. The other one emphasizes on the need for advertisements to achieve the advertiser’s objectives. An effective advertisem ent campaign must incorporate both this characteristics in order to formulate a near perfect strategy. Effective advertisements are generally well executed. The main strategy of an advertisement campaign is to make sure that the details, the photography, setting, printing, and the production values are finely tuned. These characteristics are now the benchmark that has been set in the advertising industry. BMW’s campaign strategies are absolutely customer specific. With BMW group campaign BMW i, which is also known as â€Å"Driving the next movement†, the company is pioneering a new path towards a revolutionary change in automobile technology and the industry as a whole. They thrive for innovation and their... This essay "The effectiveness of advertising" outlines characteristics of the successful advertising and BMW's campaign strategy. According to Ramalingam, et al (2006), effective advertisement’s can be characterized on the basis of two levels. The first level explains the need for the advertisers to satisfy consumer’s objectives by engaging them and delivering a relevant message. An effective advertisement campaign must incorporate both this characteristics in order to formulate a near perfect strategy. Effective advertisements are generally well executed. The main strategy of an advertisement campaign is to make sure that the details, the photography, setting, printing, and the production values are finely tuned. These characteristics are now the benchmark that has been set in the advertising industry. BMW’s campaign strategies are absolutely customer specific. With BMW group campaign BMW i, which is also known as â€Å"Driving the next movement†, the com pany is pioneering a new path towards a revolutionary change in automobile technology and the industry as a whole. They thrive for innovation and their vision for innovation is distinctively reflected in the ad campaigns designed by the company’s marketing management division. BMW group’s primary objective behind the BMW i campaign is to provide answers to the environmental and economical challenges that prevail in this changing world thereby satisfying the interest and curiosity of audiences towards the company’s products and services.

Munich Agreement and the Events of the 1930s Essay

Munich Agreement and the Events of the 1930s - Essay Example The nation also remembers the victory and glory that came home to France, but not without a sense of bereavement. Indeed, the victory of 1914 came to France at a very gory price. Today, my dear friends, is the day France refused to repeat history. Today is the day the French refused to pay in the blood of its brothers for another victory. Today is the day France stands up in defiance of injustice and upholds the flag of peace to ensure peace and stability in the region. Today is the day, I, Edouard Daladier stand in front of the French parliament, having signed the historic Munich Agreement. This is a time to be celebrated. The world has learned to resolve its problems without shooting each other to smithereens. Statesmen of the civilized world, namely Britain, France, Germany and Italy, have learned to sit down and talk in peace to seek solutions for world peace, and that, I believe, is one of the greatest successes of the Munich Agreement. I am not blind to the fact that the Munich Agreement is plagued with controversy. Opponents of the agreement are keen to point fingers at the French government for betraying the people of Czechoslovakia and for supporting Germany in its evil designs. I feel that such concerns of the opponents of the Munich Agreement reek more of anti-French propaganda than of justice and truth. Myopic viewpoints would stand in the way of Britain and France, the two nations that are willing to sacrifice a lot in return of peace in Europe. Europe cannot afford another war, and Britain and France are aware of this reality. Germany’s aggressiveness must be appeased to achieve peace in Europe, and the Munich Agreement is a symbol of that very appeasement, which I believe all present in this room must not only appreciate, but acclaim as a remarkable effort on part of the French Government. Mes freres, the French nation has entrusted my office of the prime minister of france to not only represent them, but to give them access to the truth. Today I speak before you to present nothing but that. The state of Czechoslovakia has transgressed. It has denied its Sudeten population the autonomy it has desired for so long. The sacrifices the Sudeten have made and the atrocities the Czechs have committed against them are an open secret. The world has witnessed the cries of help from those who wish to cease their association with Czechoslovakia and join Germany. Why should the wishes of the public be denied? We see the Sudeten demand for autonomy as a justified demand, and one that the Czech government should be keen in advancing to its people. If an ethnic group finds belonging with Germany, it should be allowed to secede with it. The Munich Agreement, my friends, guarantees just that. The Agreement however, is not drawn simply to support the ideology backing the liberation of the Sudeten Germans. On 16th September of this same year, it is known to all that our government, in collaboration with the British government, presented a proposal to the President of Czechoslovakia, Edvard Benes. We presented a very reasonable proposal, which asked the Czech Government to hand over to Germany all those areas that are populated by more than fifty percent Sudeten Germans. In return, Czechoslovakia will be allowed to retain its independence. Such reasonable terms of the treaty were

Business plan of online business Research Paper

Business plan of online business - Research Paper Example Party Safaris seeks to be a leading global business in the field of event management and organization, specializing in two types of products. The first service provided and undertaken by Party Safaris Event Management Company is actual event management from the start to the end of the event. These events range in wide varieties from weddings, to funerals, to birthdays, as well as corporate and cocktail parties. This service will also incorporate provision of party kits for the participants in the event, and the company will undertake the sole task of planning and executing the entire event from start to finish. The second service provided by the company will be the sale of party kits through an online platform. The company will produce and stock several types of party kits then sell them to customers who are planning or organizing parties, or to those who come to us to organize their parties. These party kits will range from party kits for adults’ birthdays, to party kits for kids birthdays. The company will also provide original party kits for other parties that might not fall necessary under the two categories of parties mentioned above. From the onset of the business, the operations and management of the business will be the sole prerogative of the four founders of the company. These four directors came up with an idea of setting up an events management company in Monaco. Therefore, they will have to put their best efforts into the operations of the company in order to save on costs of operations before the business picks up and expands. However, the directors plan to hire more staff depending on the needs and demands of the business. The first most likely member of staff for the team of four to hire will be an Information and Technology (IT) manager who will be in charge of operating the online operations of the company. From the start, the basis for remuneration for the IT manager will be on an hourly basis

Brief Synopsis of the Film Avatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brief Synopsis of the Film Avatar - Essay Example Colonel Miles Quaritch who heads the Earth’s security force, however, found the rich source of unobtanium which is the Na’vi’s sacred gathering place and attacked it. Jake joined in defending Hometree that led to the eventual retreat of the humans. Jake was later transferred to his avatar permanently through the help of the Tree of Souls. II. The intersection of two issues: racial and gender discrimination Humez and Dines theorized that mass media which are the radio, television, and film help form our identities that includes the way we see the world, relationship with it and the values we hold and cherish (2002). In essence, media has so much influence that it could dictate our perception and value system particularly the film because it immerses its audience in the reality it portrays and thus, inadvertently influences its audience of the cultural and social perspective of the film. In James Cameroon film Avatar, there is two distinct cultural and social persp ective of the film that causes injustice and subjugation wrought by greed and social stratification. These two distinct issues that were obvious in the film that is the discrimination of humans against Na’vis who were viewed by humans as primitive and with condescension whose race is taken as an impediment in their quest to harvest the mineral unobtanium. This relationship between humans and Navi’s become unjust because it perpetuated a system of inequality whereby it restricts some people while privileging others (Magner qt. in Weber 13). Another subtle issue that was present in the film was the gender issue of stereotyping of women as people who are often subjugated to men. This became an injustice because Na’vis imposed a social stratification that subjugates a gender (female) to another gender (male). These issues intersect in a way that the race and a particular gender are relegated to another which in this case are the Na’vis and the women to be bel onging in the lower strata as represented by Neytiri, the chieftain and the spiritual leader’s daughter.  

Various Mechanisms Used by the Nervous System to Guide Axonal Growth Essay

Various Mechanisms Used by the Nervous System to Guide Axonal Growth - Essay Example Congress 1990). The end of each growing axon is called a growth cone, and functions as a sensing device, interacting with molecules in the environment in order to reach the correct target (Schatten 2005; Bean 2012). The growth cones can be described as expanded â€Å"sensory-motile† tips of the growing axons that respond to various attractive and repulsive molecular signals in order to direct and guide axons to their synaptic targets (Myers & Gomez 2011, p. 13585). Thus, axonal growth is guided with the help of guidance cues in the environment. As the nervous system matures, about half the neurons die and only those that have grown properly and are connected to the available synaptic sites survive (U.S. Congress 1990). A study of the mechanisms behind axon guidance to the appropriate targets is necessary in order to better understand the development of the nervous system and to elucidate the formation of the neural network. Mechanisms Underlying Axonal Guidance The guidance of axonal growth is a result of interplay of four types of guidance forces, namely contact attraction, contact repulsion, chemoattraction and chemorepulsion (Tessier-Lavigne & Goodman 1996). ... At the leading end of the growth cone, actin is polymerized and then moved to the rear for depolymerisation (Bean 2012). This continuous cycling of polymerised actin from the leading end to the rear end and then back to the leading end leads to a â€Å"tank-tread† kind of movement that enables the guiding of the growth cone (Bean 2012). Santiago Ramon y Cajal first described the movement of growth cones in 1880 (Zheng 2000; Bean 2012). He described that growth cones move towards their synaptic targets in a circuitous route, thus providing evidence that growth cones themselves have an active role in the guidance process (Bean 2012). However, the first live microscopic observations of growth cones were not made until Ross Harrison developed modern tissue culture (Vitriol & Zheng 2012). Later on, Roger Sperry upon observing the optic nerve lesions of frogs showed that retinotectal axons could regenerate and find their targets, subsequently making precise synaptic connections (Bea n 2012). It thus became evident that specific surface markers exist and are used by growth cones for the recognition of targets. This was further demonstrated through studies on zebrafish, drosophila, grasshopper and chick, which showed that guidance of axon growth followed specific and similar pathways in different species, indicating that the mechanisms are conserved across species (Bean 2012). Studies by Gomez et al., Renaudin et al., and Robles and Gomez have shown that point contacts are formed by growth cones using various focal adhesion-related molecules like ?1-integrins, paxillin, FAK and vinculin (Myers & Gomez 2011). Extrinsic Environment-Related Mechanisms Apart from the intrinsic mechanism of growth cone movement, extrinsic

Crime 3396 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime 3396 - Assignment Example People are becoming vigilant in protecting themselves against the adversities of e-crime. The first thing is to educate them about the basic requirements of online safety. Second, I will advice them to set up basic protection against malicious software such as viruses and spyware in their computers. If they use computers for transactions, I will help them to install security features to ensure safety of their transactions and information. The consequences of e-crime include financial losses, computer destructions, business interruptions, theft of valuable and confidential data, and exposing children to objectionable sites such as pornography. The e-crime units investigate and provide legal and prosecutorial support for technology-based crimes. The units also develops and implement training programs for judges, law enforcement officers, the public and prosecutors on the necessity of strong information security and being aware of rising e-crimes. Yes, I studied extensively about e-crime during my undergraduate degree. I would suggest that curriculum developers to consider developing computer-based courses that particularly expose children to aspects of e-crime across all academic

Organizational Conflict and Conflict Resolution at John Lewis Waitrose Assignment

Organizational Conflict and Conflict Resolution at John Lewis Waitrose - Assignment Example It is against this background that organizational conflict and conflict resolution as a leadership and management issue at John Lewis Waitrose has been outlined in the current paper. Generally, Waitrose is identified as the supermarket division of the larger chain of companies operated under the brand of John Lewis Partnership. With an employee base of over 85,500 in almost 230 branches, it is common that issues of inter-personal conflicts will arise in the conduct of the daily tasks of employees. Through a comprehensive secondary data collection that was conducted on the company, it was realised that like most other organisations where employee-to-employee communication is part of the key chain of processes to get pieces of tasks executed, issues and reports of conflicts are very common. Some key words that emanate from the case study are organisational conflict, conflict resolution, conflict prevention, productivity, inter-personal, and maturity Waitrose is a supermarket component of the larger John Lewis Partnership. Waitrose is thus responsible for the food retail division of John Lewis Partnership, which has been identified as Britain’s largest employee-owned retailer (John Lewis Partnership, 2013). ... Meanwhile in a situation where there exists such differences, perceived and actual oppositions set in, bringing about organizational conflicts (Canary, Coach & Serape, 2001). This situation has however not been a major cause to deter the company from a rapid annual growth, for which reason the company currently boasts of revenue of ?5400.4 million, backed by an operating income of ?173.5 million and net income of ?123.3 million (Gardener, 2013). This feat has been achieved while operating under the mission and vision to be a dedicated, energized and team spirited company that brings excellent food retail services to customers. Cases of Organizational Conflict A case of organisational conflict was found in literature through secondary research in Ting-Toomey, Oetzel & Yee-Jung (2001). It was realised that one employee, Staff X (name withdrawn for ethical purposes) had a communication confrontation with another employee, Staff Y (name withdrawn). Staff X was the employee responsible fo r giving customised service and assistance to a prestige customer of the company. One day as the prestige member comes to the premises of the store, he first approaches Staff Y and asks if Staff X was around to deliver serve as usual. Meanwhile, Staff X had noticed Staff Y that she was going on a lunch break and that Staff Y should cover her back. Because of this, Staff Y accepted to take the role of Staff X and give the prestige member the needed service he always had from Staff X. It turned out that the prestige customer became very satisfied with the services of Staff Y and personally requested from management to assign Staff Y to him from henceforth. Once Staff X was

The Macro and Micro-economic Concerns of the High Unemployment Essay

The Macro and Micro-economic Concerns of the High Unemployment - Essay Example Importantly, unemployment is highest in less developed nations; however, with the global economic slump, developed economies are of late facing the challenge. Predominantly, the US subprime challenges and its wide spread effects have considerably worsened the situation. In India, the challenge of unemployment is a prime obstacle to the region’s development. Studies note that even during the good periods, most Indian farmers remain unemployed for several years. Explosive populations and region disparity presents the major challenge for this economy. According to International Labor Organization (ILO) statistics, since the beginning of the 2007 fiscal crisis, the corporate world has lost more than thirty-four million employees. Indeed, the organization’s estimate of the year 2010 presented that about 210 million people were unemployed (Bahmani 236). Surprisingly, terrifying prospect states that the world’s youth unemployment figures may amplify progressively at a y early average rate of 13.2 %. As such, the organization presents sentiments that economical consequence of this situation is perilous thus demands critical attentions. The rational behind the high rate of unemployment Rethinking of the controversy characterizing the world’s present condition of unemployment is of great essence. A major factor increasing the unemployment rates is the lack of sustainable demands for the labor. Bahmani (236) notes that in developing economies, a considerable group of people works as extra labor. This case has emerged by sense that the world lack approaches for promoting industrial and corporate ventures that can comfortably absorb its labor. Tactical...This essay presents an modern attempt to find the solution to the unemployment issue on both micro and macro levels, by performing thorough theoretical research of the problem. Unemployment is an old economic challenge; thus, economists and policy makers have ever struggled to counter the problem. This effort has managed to regulate the spread pace, but of late, the situation has gone out of control. Strategic arguments observe that both macro and micro-economists should examine the present rates of unemployment critically. Unemployment invites financial disaster and reduces the aggregate purchasing capacity of a country. Unemployment leads to less spending hence minimizing businesses’ capital Adopting tactical measures can minimize the challenge presented by high rates of unemployment. Considering the magnitude of the matter, it is rational to propose that any future economic reforms and industrial adjustments should target reducing the challenge of unemployment. Both economists and policy makers need to work communally while according preference to unemployment. Tactical approaches entail promoting sustainable utilization of the available resources and engaging further industrial and technological developments. The corporate world and government entities should engage tactical measures aimed at alleviating unemployment. Developing employment opportunities and parity in income allotment will considerably address the concern of unemployment. Economies proliferation in future resides on the world’s unemployment rates.

Strategy Management Essay Example for Free

Strategy Management Essay 1. Current situation overview Nowadays, the world video games market has become conspicuous and profitable, resulted by rapid increase of amount by video games players. The key assessment for winning in video games market is to attract the consumers to buy and focus. Meanwhile, the current situation of video games industry has become more competitive, which dominated by Nintendo Wii, Microsoft Xbox 360 and Sony PlayStation 3. This case sketches a framework of video games historical development for past a few decades and the future strategic prospection by Nintendo Wii, Microsoft Xbox 360 and Sony PlayStation 3. In addition, this case also describes the innovations and course of actions for broadening the market share holding by Nintendo, Microsoft and Sony. Moreover, those companies have renewed their own console generation and technology in order to gain competitive advantages in the video games market. During the recent stage of video games development, the players are not only focusing on ‘just playing a game’, but also they will consider the games’ design, art, animation and quality assurance. 2. Summary of macro environment analysis The macro environment analysis is relevant to the long-term strategic thinking which focus on the factors in the wider environment, those factors include economic, political, social, demographic, international, sustainability and technological. The purpose of the macro-environment analysis is to summarize the complex and uncertain information in particular the company impact by macro-environment to figure out the demand for products and service in the market. Determining the macro-environment is the way that firms in an industry produce and distribute their outputs, and the way in which organizations are able to compete with one another (Hubbard, Rice Beamish 2008 p. 76). In addition, macro-environment analysis is also able to distribute the product and service and establish the trends for the future development of the industry (Haberberg and Rieple 2008, p.105). Those factors concerned have been analyzed in appendix 1, also including the determent of effects on the industry growth (positive or negative). 2.1 Economic factor By viewing the analyzed contents in appendix 1, overall information analyzed  has been demonstrated that the current economic situation for the video games industry is definitely seems to be worse because of the economic recession worldwide. The trend of the purchasing power for video games console seems to be downwards by recent years because of the decrease of people’s disposable income. Furthermore, generally considering the reasonable inflation of raw material and hardware accessories is getting higher and higher, which may result to the cost for consoles is increasing. 2.2 Political/legal factor â€Å"Political factors define the legal and regulatory parameters within which firms must operate (Pearce Robinson 2009, p.97). These affect the business and its managers to a great extent. As the political factors analyzed in contents of appendix 1, it is expected to have a negative effect on future industry growth. For instance in China, the government has issued the regulation on video and online games, which has limitation for playing by 4 hours per day which people who under 18. People must make a registration via internet by updating their identification card number, real names and address who under 18. Considering most of the customers with video games are 17 to 33, this regulation may have negative impacts on the video games industry. Additionally, the government also issued the violence restriction in the video games market, which classifies the violence level to the games, in order to protect the children to avoid aggression and violence. However, as the fact that, according to the evidence showed by Dietz (1998, p.425), nearly 80% of the video games includes aggression or violence as part of the strategy or object. While 27% of the games contained socially acceptable aggression, nearly half included violence directed specifically at others and 21% depicted violence directed at women. According to the establishment showed as above, most video games contains huge amount of aggression and violence contents, the government regulation should have negative impact on video games industry growth beyond reasonable concerns of mental protection for children. 2.3 Social/cultural factor As this part of factors impact by social and cultural, this part probably does not have too much impacts whether positive or negative on industry  growth. Accomplishing with the globalization over the world, video games are hot and popular in current stage of period in development. Focusing on this circumstance, the video game industry tends to design the games with cultural diversity and culture preference. For instance by Xbox 360, has designed some games which suitable for some countries under preference, such as some sports games like NFL in US, AFL in Australia. Furthermore, Sony also designed a game ‘Dynasty Warriors’, which describes a real history in ancient China, a dynasty with disorder. Moreover, some cultural factor by religion difference must be also concerned for the industry growth. Actually in some countries, such as some mid-east countries, the violence games are banned under religion efforts. 2.4 Demographic factor By reviewing this part of analysis, the demographic factor should be considered with population, gender and age, and indeed have positive effect on the industry growth. The video game industry is now attempting to look for their ‘new’ players belonged. The industry has been designed more different types of games which suitable for women and even the elder. The trend of impact by demographic factor is rapidly increasing by recent years in particular with the demand by women and the elder for video games. As the fact that has been mentioned before, the most video game consumers is 18-44, now, the new strategy for broadening the consumer base is now expected and being concerned by the video game industry. This may contribute to increase the population by playing video games, which may result to increase the sales of consoles. In fact, Nintendo, Microsoft and Sony have also focused on difference breakdown by gender and age, which means that to make the games be varied and mu lti-suitable for people. 2.5 International factor Globalization has been contributed to the success for video game industry, which breakdown the trade barriers between countries. In fact, according to Consalvo (2006), the video game industry and culture can be recognized in the transnational corporations that contribute to its formation and development, which contribute to the cultural exchange between countries. This also advantages to the video games industry which has positive effects  on industry growth because the games may become more acceptable for the people who under different cultural background. 2.6 Sustainability factor This factor is considering the sustainability of the video game industry in future. In fact, the video game entertainment absolutely has many substitutes. Therefore, the trend for the industry development maybe seems to downward in future depend on the changing and unpredictable people’s favors. People have rights to select their own favors to entertain as they want, such as sports, karaoke, twitter, and facebook. Moreover, the current video game market situation is likely to be saturated, which Grand (2010, p.687) states that, almost 40% of the US households have their own consoles, which means that the industry must spend huge amount of money to renew the consoles annually to keep their products be competitive and preferable in order to make the console be ‘sustainable’. 2.7 Technological factor Technology is the most significant factor which must be considered by the video games industry. From the evaluation by the appendix 1, the industry growth displayed an overall negative effort on the video game industry. In fact, a console generation renewing must spend nearly a decade period from structuring to publishing, which spend too much time and money to renew. Despite the huge cost and longtime preparing on console renewing, even the games titles also must be spend a lot of time. Actually, according to the study by Grant, (2010, p685) there are some evidences to show that a new title game which from designing to publishing, approximately taking 18-36 months to complete based on a new platform. Comparing with the ‘big 3’ in this case, they have their own advantaged areas in technology development. For instance, PS3 has Blu-ray DVD strategy on their consoles, which have fantastic game’s feature, Xbox 360’s positioning eschewed technology in favor of versatility, design and hardware’s multifunctionality, Wii even lacked the advanced features of either the Xbox 360 or PS3, but its remote wand-like controller is innovative and easy learning, which can concludes that overall the advantaged area by the ‘big 3’, is based on the technology support, which means that the technology factor is quite significant to the  video game industry. Therefore, the trend of impacting power by technology is increasing. 3. Summary of industry environment analysis Michael Porter claims that the five competitive forces influence the state of competition in any industry, and collectively determine the profit potential of the industry as whole (Hubbard, Rice Beamish 2008). The purpose of the industry analysis is to determine the ultimate profit potential in the industry, where profit potential is measured in terms of long-run return on invested capital. 3.1 Threats of new entrants There are some sufficient evidences which demonstrate that the threats of new entrants are extremely low. In fact, the video games industry is dominated by the ‘big 3’ in this current stage of period. PS3, Microsoft and Nintendo have their own loyalty with the brand, which ensures the consumers’ confidence on their product. On the contrary, the new entrants do not have such brand loyalty as the ‘big 3’ does. Consumers maybe have less confidence rather than PS3 or Xbox 360 on the product quality. In addition, the ‘big 3’ has incomparable advantages, which leading in technology and experience on software development. Furthermore, the capital of equipment and technology cost huge amount of money, the ‘big 3’ have their own experienced and professional designing team for innovation and technological development. New entrants are difficult to maintain and develop their business unless sufficient finance supports. 3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers The overall impact raking for bargaining power by the suppliers is high, based on the appendix 2 bargaining power of suppliers’ analysis. In fact, the supplier also called publisher is few and monopoly in the video game market, which result to the profitability with the supplier. The publishers are responsible for financing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing video games. Grant (2010, p.688) also states that video game publishing is increasingly dominated by a few companies, such as electronic Arts, Konami, take-two Interactive and Activision. This may contribute to the suppliers  have more powerful bargaining power to the industry. In addition, the supplier has low switching cost in the market. 3.3 Bargaining power of buyers The consumers have low switching cost on the products, which depends on the product’s quality, price and product preference by the consumers. Moreover, the video game industry must also be aware the other entertainment, which have possibility to substitutes the video game industry. Furthermore, the buyer profitability factor is considering with the buyers’ disposable income, if the income is high, the bargaining power by the consumers is high, otherwise is low. As the fact that, the current situation for the economy is worse and unemployment rate is getting higher, thus the buyers are seem to be unprofitable, indeed the bargaining power for buyers is low. 3.4 Power of substitutes The power of substitutes is strong, which displayed by the competition between PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii. The ‘big 3’ companies have dominated the video game market and attempt to gain competitive advantages via using their innovative ideas and technology. The most important factor considered by the consumers is the products’ price and quality, focusing on this concern, the Wii may win in the market by sales because of the cheaper price of consoles. However, it not means that the Wii can substitute either Xbox 360 or PS3. Actually, the key assessment for winning in video games market is to catch the consumers’ propensity. Furthermore, despite the internal competition by the industry, also the other entertainments have possibilities to substitute the video game industry. Thus, it is difficult to predict the video game whether may be substituted in the future. 3.5 Intensity of industry rivals It is absolutely high barriers to exit in the video games industry, unlike the PC games industry. According to the study by Williams (2002, p46), which states that PC games manufacturing fees are significantly lower versus console games, because PC games need only CD duplications, a jewel box, instructions and a box, typically $2-3 total per unit. However, comparing with the PC games industry, console development requires ‘development kit’  typically costing $10 to $20 thousand. In addition, Grant (2010, p688) also mentions that the huge cost by video games development is result of the demand for multi-featured, which contribute to the significant cost on technological talents hiring, equipment cost and advertising. Thus, video games industry must be high barriers to exit because of the significant cost efforts. 4. Interconnections between macro-environment analysis and industry environment analysis Reviewed to the above macro-environment analysis and industry environment analysis, there are some interconnections between them, which are sustainability factor, related to the presence of substitute inputs. This highlight must be considered by the video game industry, because the preview of sustainability to the industry development is quite important. The key assessment for the industry development is to keep their products ‘un-substituted’ and competitive. Therefore, the industry must focus on the innovation and technological development by their games and console in order to keep the video game ‘long-being’ for the future. 5. Recommendation Technology and innovation play a main role in the video games industry. The video game industry is so profitable that many new entrants may want to enter the industry. However, the industry looks like ‘unhealthy’ because PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii have dominated the industry for a decade. Furthermore, the current economic situation is still on recession, and may last a few years. This may contribute the cost of consoles increase, and decrease the sales of consoles result by the people’s income decrease. Actually, it is hard to preview the future of video game development, but, by now, the video game market has saturated, even the technology and innovation is good. Form the figures evaluated by Flacy (2011), the video game sales over July dropped over 25 percent year over year and have fallen to the lowest levels since 2006. Total sales in July 2011 amounted to $707 million while sales just a year ago in July 2010 topped $960 million. The reasons for the decline by sales should be varied, as mentioned before, which causing by the economic recession and market saturation. Moreover, the people’s favors may  also change; video game playing is not the only way for people to entertain because people can entertain by the other ways. Thus, the video game industry development is getting tough and unpredictable for the future, even the recession has over. Appendix 1 – details of macro-environment analysis Environment factor| Comment| Effect on industry growth| Economic factor| | |  global finance crisis| Widely impact on the manufacturing industry| negative| inflation| price of raw material and console accessories increased, result to the cost increase| negative| Economic recession| People’s disposable income decreasedreducing purchasing power| negative| Overall: negative| Political/legal factor| | | Government issue for video game violence| Legislation for classifying the amount of violence under age. | negative| Regulation for playing limitation| Time limitation for playing under 18 | negative| Overall: negative| Social/cultural factor| | | Multiculturalism| Different cultural background’s people may have different type of favors on video games| Positive| Religion| Some violence games is restricted by some countries under religion efforts| Negative| Overall: medium| Demographic factor| | | Population numbers| Attracting more ‘new’ consumers possibly. Attracting more customers means increasing sales.| positive| Gender difference breakdown| Designing more games which suitable for women playing, make the games be varied.| positive| Age difference breakdown| Video game is not only designed for 18-33, which could possibly consider to attract some aging player| Positive| Overall: positive| International factor| | | Globalization| Reducing the trade barriers for games imports and exports| positive| Overall: positive| Sustainability factor| | | Substitution by other entertainments| More and more entertainments can substitutes the video games, such as sports, karaoke, twitter, facebook etc.| negative| Strikes by online games| Computer games are seemed more popular and preferable.| Negative| Market saturation| More and more rivals tend to enter the video games market to gain advantages.| Negative| Overall: negative| Technological factor| | | Lack by renewing generation| Console generation needs to spend a lot of time and money for generation renewing| negative| Long time for designing a new title game| Taking 18-36 months to complete a new title based on a new platform | negative| Console generation (PS3)| Fantastic games’ feature (HD) based on Blu-ray drive technology.| Positive| Console generation (Xbox 360)| Large amount of titles by games, multifunctionality based on high-technology support.| Positive| Console generation (Wii)| Easy to control, hand movement based on their innovative ideas and technology. | Positive| Overall: positive| Appendix 2 details of industry environment analysis Items| Issue analysis| Impact ranking: extremely low, low, medium, high extremely high.| Threats of new entrants | | | Product differentiation| If a company wants to survive even win in the competitive market, a unique product with considerable difference must be offered. Wii, Xbox 360 and PS3 has achieved this as well| Extremely high| Brand loyalty| Company must have their own brand loyalty which can prevent new entrants from making their way into the market. Wii, Xbox 360 and PS3 have extremely great loyalty with their brand.| Extremely high| Economic of scales| Wii, Xbox 360 and PS3 have large sales on their product every year. It is tough for new entrants to have such huge finances to fund | Medium| Capital equipment and technology development| Wii, Xbox 360 and  PS3 have their own experienced and professional designing team for innovation and technological development. New entrants are hard to maintain their business unless sufficient finance supports.| High| Government policy| Many industries are either owned or regulated by the government, causing barriers for entry.| high| Overall: extremel y high | Bargaining power of suppliers| | | Switching cost of suppliers| The switching cost of suppliers is low| Medium| Supplier concentration| The supplier will have strong bargaining power if there are only a small number of suppliers. (monopoly) There are some publishers for the video game industry (electronic Arts, Konami, take-two Interactive, Activision etc.)| high| Information about suppliers’ product| The suppliers should be aware their product (consoles, software and title games), as these suppliers have minimal competition, they hold strong power and influence.| Low| Supplier profitability| Suppliers are able to bargain because there are few rivals and highly profitable nature. | Extremely high| Overall: medium| Bargaining power of buyers| | | Switching costs of buyers: | Switching costs of buyers is low; the power of buyers will be high. Buyer can easily switch to a rival product, which depends on the products’ quality and price and there are almost no switching costs for customers| Extremely high| Buyer concentration: | The number of buyers is related to whole industry. Massive numbers of buyers on video game industry. | Medium| Presence of substitute inputs: | The ‘big 3’ is not just competing against with each other, they are also competing against other entertainment, such as online games and twitterThere are lots of substitute are present to convert the buyer| Extremely high| Buyer profitability| If the buyers are unprofitable, they are unable to bargain.Since economic decrease and high levels of unemployment, people will be entertaining less.| High| Overall: high| Power of substitutes| | | Relative price/quality of substitutes| Wii, Xbox 360 and PS3 although have their own specialties and advantages in different areas, but substitution is  also available and possible. It depends on price and quality of the console.| Extremely high| Buy propensity to substitutes| Video games market is huge, customers tend to be varied. The key assessment for winning in video games market is to catch the consumers’ propensity. Develop their own advantaged area, and create a new strategic to attract the new customers.| Extremely high| Switching cost| The ease of buyers switching products.It is very simple for the customers to switch to a different product as it cost them less and with similar experience.| High| Overall: extremely high| Intensity of industry rivals| | | Industry growth rate| Growing rapidly in recent years, but grow slowly now because of the economic recession. However, the trend is positively growing.| Extremely high| Exit barriers| Significant exits costs because the capital to enter the industry is so high (including technological talents hiring, equipment cost and advertising) and spends too much time for preparing. | Extremely high| Overall: extremely high| References Consalvo, M 2006, ‘Console video games and global corporations Creating a hybrid culture’ viewed 28 August 2011 http://nms.sagepub.com/content/8/1/117.short Dietz, T, 1998, ‘An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior’ Volume 38, No. 5-6, p425-442 Flacy, M, 2011, ‘NPD: Video game sales in July fall to the lowest level in five years’ viewed 29 August 2011 http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/npd-video-game-sales-in-july-fall-to-the-lowest-level-in-five-years/ Grant, R.M., 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, Sussex. Wiley p.680-691 Hubbard, G, Rice, J Beamish, P, 2008, Strategic Management: Thinking, analysis and Action, 3rd edition, Pearson Education, Australia. Haberberg, A, Rieple, A 2008, Strategic Management: Theory and Application, Oxford University Press, NY. Pearce, JA 2009, Formulation, implementation, and control of competitive strategy, 8th edition, McGraw-Hill, America, New York. Williams, D, 2002, ‘Structure and Competition in the U.S. Home Video Game Industry’ the International Journal on Media Management Vol. 4, No. 1, p.41 – 54

Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis Essay Example for Free

Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis Essay Autism and IQ Introduction Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) based the study of the individuals affected by ASD on the magnocellular theory. The theory’s main constructs include that the people suffering from the disorder will have impaired magnocellular transmission networks and that the impairment is the cause of their problems in the processing of information on movement and motion. The theory also explains the problem as one, where results from the abnormal nature of magnocellular neural networks and a variety of sensory systems, unlike in the case of other similar conditions like dyslexia. The main constructs of the theory used by the authors of the article are based on the malfunctioning nature of the networks that guarantee that the working of the human brain is effective and optimal. The main constructs explored under the theory incorporated into the study are related in a variety of ways.Theyinclude the neurodevelopment deficiencies found in the brains of these individuals are the main cause for the impairment of the individual’s social instinct.The article draws on the behaviors that are manifest from the nature of these individuals, to conclude that the impairment of brain networks lead to socially instinctual deficiencies, for example,slowness in flicker-pedestal evaluations. In real life situations, the individual is not able to indicate the appearance of the different squares.Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) contended with the premise of the theory that the effects seen arise from physiological underdevelopment of the brain. They also offered the explanation that impaired development or underdevelopment is caused by a variety of medical deficiencies. Based on the research done in a five-year period, they highlighted that there is a wide variety of causes, including the developmental deficiencies, early detection and trials to correct the issue and the effects of treatment. The effects explored included the impairments seen in the social functionality of the child and the outcomes of the treatment plan. For example, one of the effects explained was that there is little evidence of effective results arising from early interventions (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The article explored a variety of variables that are either moderating or mediating, depending on their nature and levels, including being epileptic and the fragility of the x syndrome. In the working out of the various constructs, the researchers controlled for the outside factors and variables, and reached the conclusion that there is littl e effectiveness in the early intervention models developed. From the study of the meta-analyses of the studies published by Pub Med in last five years. The researchers found some information showing that the adoption of early intensive treatment led to the successful correction of the problems found in children suffering from ASD. The interpretation of the findings was that more study was needed to explore the link between the impaired development of the networks and the intensity of behavioral corrections. Based on the article’s area of study as well as its findings, some information gaps were exposed, including those on whether the mediating variables of epilepsy among others could hold the key to the positive outcomes. The effects of the mediating factors should be explored further, so as to find out whether it will be necessary to develop a new theory incorporating them (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The main constructs explored under the theory incorporated into the study are related in a variety of ways.Theyinclude the neurodevelopment deficiencies found in the brains of these individuals are the main cause for the impairment of the individual’s social instinct.The article draws on the behaviors that are manifest from the nature of these individuals, to conclude that the impairment of brain networks lead to socially instinctual deficiencies, for example,slowness in flicker-pedestal evaluations. In real life situations, the individual is not able to indicate the appearance of the different squares.Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) contended with the premise of the theory that the effects seen arise from physiological underdevelopment of the brain. They also offered the explanation that impaired development or underdevelopment is caused by a variety of medical deficiencies. Based on the research done in a five-year period, they highlighted that there is a wide variety of causes, including the developmental deficiencies, early detection and trials to correct the issue and the effects of treatment. The effects explored included the impairments seen in the social functionality of the child and the outcomes of the treatment plan. For example, one of the effects explained was that there is little evidence of effective results arising from early interventions (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The article explored a variety of variables that are either moderating or mediating, depending on their nature and levels, including being epileptic and the fragility of the x syndrome. In the working out of the various constructs, the researchers controlled for the outside factors and variables, and reached the conclusion that there is little effectiveness in the early intervention models developed. From the study of the meta-analyses of the studies published by Pub Med in last five years. The researchers found some information showing that the adoption of early intensive treatment led to the successful correction of the problems found in children suffering from ASD. The interpretation of the findings was that more study was needed to explore the link between the impaired development of the networks and the intensity of behavioral corrections. Based on the article’s area of study as well as its findings, some information gaps were exposed, including those on whether the mediating variables of epilepsy among others could hold the key to the positive outcomes. The effects of the mediating factors should be explored further, so as to find out whether it will be necessary to develop a new theory incorporating them (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dawson and colleagues (2010) did a randomized study exploring the effectiveness of the ESDM model of treatment. The ESDM is a developmental model of treatment based on behavioral interventions and is intended to lessen the severity of the effects of the toddlers suffering from ASD. The mediating and moderating areas explored through the study included the age of the children, which ranged from 18 to 30 months. The independent variables of the study included the delivery of ESDM model of treatment, and the dependent variable beingchecked towards theory development was the reduction in the severity of the ASD condition. The theory under exploration was the empathizing-systemizing theoretical model. The main position of the theory is that the children suffering from ASD get fewer scores in adaptive behaviors like empathy as compared to their peers (Dawson et al., 2010). The theory is based on the outlook that the effects of autism limit a chi ld’s ability to adapt to social situations and their environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main constructs of the theory include the systematized nature of social functionality, sensory manipulation, and the working of motor-based systems. The relationship of the constructs is that the impairment in the development of the brain leads to the reduced effectiveness of the autistic child. The cause of the phenomena includes the impairment in the development of the brain. The effects include the low levels of emotional ability (empathy), sensory manipulation including tapping; and motor manipulation like rocking. The mediating variables included the ages of the children and were not demonstrated to have any effect on the effectiveness of the treatment (Dawson et al., 2010). In the operationalization of the constructs, the study used a study group and a control group. The study split the sampled children of ages ranging from 18 to 30 monthsinto two groups (control and study).In addition, it delivered the ESDM treatment over a two-year period and demonstrated that the method yielded results.The study adopted a statistically comparative study of the children’s standardized scores. The study showed that the treatment was effective, and the study contributed to the advancement of the theory that the developmental effects can be reduced. The results of the study could widen the scope of the theory among others as many have maintained the position that treatment does not yield results(Dawson et al., 2010). Systematic Review of Early Intensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Warren and colleagues (2011)based their study on the theory of applied behavioral evaluation. The main constructs of the theory include that the principle that child learning can be utilized to improve the affected behavioral areas, through behavioral learning. The implications of the principle are that, despite that it may be impossible to solve the problems completely; it is possible to reduce the severity and develop behaviors that reduce their adversity. The relationship between the constructs is based on the outlook that behaviors are learned and that the impaired behavioral areas can be improved through specificallytargeted learning. The learning that is effective for different individuals is often different, depending on the severity of the ASD in the different areas of underdevelopment. The causes in a relationship include the impairments of the children’s brains, and the effects of behavioral training. The mediating factors explored in the study include the outlook of the behavioral training and its effectiveness. The aspects taken into account as determinants of the effectiveness of the process include the team that administers the behavioral training. In the operationalization of the constructs, the study explored the study explored the modeling based on the early start Denver system. The study entailed the review of the literature that explored the field during the years spanning from 2000 and 2010. The study was mainly a literature review of the studies done, in the past, in the area. The study did not apply any statistical analyzes, due to its nature. The findings of the study included that the Lovaas-based model of treatment, among a few other early intensive training for behavioral development, improved skills like language, cognitive abilities, and social behaviors. The interpretation of the results was that early interventionism is useful in countering or lessening the severity of the impacts of ASD. Autism spectrum disorders: an overview of diagnosis andtreatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brentani and colleagues (2013) based their exploration of the problem of ASD and the corrective measures employed to address it, on the developmental milestones of children aged between 0 and 3.The article started by exploring the wide array of developmental impairments that resemble ASD, including a Heller’s syndrome.It emphasized that they all result from the faulty or compromised working of the child’s brain systems(Brentani et al., 2013). The effects of ASD explored include the abnormality of social engagement, creative play, and language skills. The major constructions explored by the authors in the review included the diagnostic models used, main areas of evaluation, the scales and tools for evaluating the problem and the information generated through epidemiological treatment models. In exploring the wide array of constructs, the authors reviewed the studies exploring ASD and the different variables. The relationship b etween the constructs includes that some contribute to the development of ASD The relationship between the constructs includes that some contribute to the development of ASD andothers are the outcomes(Brentani et al., 2013). The causes covered by the study include drugs administered for symptom control and the scales used to evaluate the problem and their effects on the management of the problem. There are no mediating or moderating constructs, but the dependent constructs include the change of the symptoms of ASD. The study was mainly a review of theliterature; therefore, it did not employ any research methods. Using the outcomes of the study, there was no information reported on the recovery of the subjects covered by the study after they were subjected to the corrective and management-based treatments. Further, the study gave the impression that it is necessary to develop multi-professional teams in the exploration of the problem of ASD. In addition to its engagement with management or treatment models (Brentani et al., 2013). Autistic spectrum disorders: Diagnostic and Therapeutic challenges in Mexico   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marquez-Caraveo and Albores-Gallo (2011)explored the nature of ASD, which are developmental impairments that affect three areas, including the skills of communication, interactive skills in social settings and motor movements. The study explored in the article is based on the developmental theory of mind blindness. The theoretic model that emphasizes the blindness of the mind, is based on the concept that the autism of a child is initially noticed by parents. Among the other people within the social circle of the child as early as when they are as young as 12 months of age.The theory highlights that the areas of cognitive and interactive development that are impaired include the child’s ability to observe the behavior of another and then adjust in response. One example of real-life experience that demonstrates this area of weakness is that you will find the autistic child looking outside the window, but they will notice little on th e view outside the window. In exploring the theory, the researchers highlighted that less than 38% of families seek medical advice, even after noticing the developmental deficiencies that give evidence of ASD. The researchers also highlighted the necessity of training health and educational service providers, on the developmental course of social communication and interactions as well as language acquisition. By developing the experience and the knowledge needed to discover the problems of the children, they will report the condition before it escalates to levels that are more adverse. The theory highlights that the areas of cognitive and interactive development that are impaired include the child’s ability to observe the behavior of another and then adjust in response. One example of real-life experience that demonstrates this area of weakness is that you will find the autistic child looking outside the window, but they will notice little on the view outside the window. In exploring the theory, the researchers highlighted that less than 38% of families seek medical advice, even after noticing the developmental deficiencies that give evidence of ASD. The researchers also highlighted the necessity of training health and educational service providers, on the developmental course of social communication and interactions as well as language acquisition. By developing the experience and the knowledge needed to discover the problems of the children, they will report the condition before it escalates to levels that are more adverse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major constructs explored in the study included the discovery of the symptoms of autism, the instruments for assessing the problem, and the psychosocial treatments that can be used to address the problem. The relationship between the various constructs is one that demonstrates a continuum model.This is where the observation of symptoms should lead to the use of dedicated tools to study the problem and initiating psychosocial treatment to reduce the severity of the problem.The cause variable is the symptoms of ASD. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatm ent and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatment and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatment and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. References Brentani, H., de Paula, C., Bordini, D., Rolim, D.,  Sato, F.,  Portolese, J., Pacifico, M.,  McCracken, J. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders: an overview of diagnosis and treatment.Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.   35 (Supl. 1), S62-72. Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model.Pediatrics, 125 (1), e17-23. Fernell, E., Eriksson, M., Gillberg, C. (2013). Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review. Clin Epidemiol, 5, 33-43. Marquez-Caraveo, M., Albores-Gallo, L. (2011). Autistic spectrum disorders: Diagnostic and Therapeutic challenges in Mexico. Salud Mental, 34, 435-441. Warren, Z., McPheeters, M., Sathe, N., Foss-Feig, J., Glasser, A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J.A. (2011). Systematic Review of Early Intensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatrics,127(5), e1303-e1311. 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Environmental Pollution In Malaysia

Environmental Pollution In Malaysia Malaysia is rapidly developing towards being an industrial country. Many industries such as heavy and light industries, small and medium industries and backyard industries have been growing in the last ten years. The increase in industrial and agricultural activities has created a new demand in housing, urbanization, transportation and medication as the population increase. All these will contribute to environmental problems especially pollution due to the accumulation of hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals in environment. Environmental pollution has become a major issue that requires immediate action as it may effects human health. Pollution can take many forms such as water and air that we breathe. Urbanization in developed and development country, civilization and industrialization make the situation of the environment worsened as such that there is no more safe place to live. From the chemistry dictionary, pollution can be define as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the natural environment, brought about by mans activities. It may be harmful to human or non living things. Basically there are two main classes of pollutants which are biodegradable which means it can be rendered harmless by natural processes and need therefore cause no permanent harm if adequately dispersed or treated such as sewage. Another type is nonbiodegradable which cannot be decomposing by microbial activity. For example heavy metals such as lead, DDT and other chlorinated hydroca rbons used as pesticides, which eventually accumulate in the environment and may be concentrated in food chains. Pollution also can be describes as the introduction of foreign substances into the biosphere. It may affect the soil, rivers, seas, or the atmosphere. The pollutants that are released from the anthropogenic activities such as agricultural industries, open burning, solid waste disposal, sewage treatment plants and transportation produce hazardous and poisonous pollutants such as SO2, NOx, heavy metals and hydrocarbon compounds that effects not only human but also both plants and animals that can cause death. Some of these hazardous pollutants find their way into the human system through the food web. They may undergo biotransformation, metabolism and excreted without the risk of toxicity depending on the chemical characteristics of the compound and the dose in human body. However, some of the pollutants resist chemical and biological transformation and accumulate in the tissues, including the nerves, to cause toxicity. The adverse effects of these pollutants on the nerves system give rise to neurotoxicity. Rana et al.,(2004); Katranitsas et al., (2003) found that there is evidence that increasing exposure to toxic elements in marine and terrestrial organisms is having adverse toxicological consequences. Therefore heavy metals pollution become serious issues that must been concerned. Unlike other pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and domestic and municipal litter which may visibly build up in the environment, trace metals in the environment may accumulate unnoticed to toxic levels. Generally, human health problems associated with trace metal contamination have been well-highlighted in the literature. In spite of the relatively low level of industrial activity in less developed regions there is nevertheless a high potential of toxic heavy metal pollution. The distribution of metals in the environment is a result of natural processes (volcanoes, erosion, spring water, bacterial activity) and anthropogenic activities (fossil fuel combustion, industrial and agricultural processes) (Florea and Busselberg, 2006). Heavy metals such as arsenic lead, copper, cadmium, or zinc are released from the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crust into the environment through anthropogenic sources such as non-ferrous metal industry or non-renewable energy consumption. These substances can cause major damage to human health or to ecosystem stability even at low concentrations in soils. To overcome this issue, many countries have taken numerous initiatives especially the developed country. For example, in 2001 the European Union council signed the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals (Europa, 2007). Therefore there are many methods to evaluate and assess the presence of these substances. One of them is biological used. The application of biological forms as the indicators is the best ways to evaluate the environmental condition. According to (Szczepaniak and Biziuk, 2003; Bargagli, 1998), in order to detect, evaluate and minimize the effects, there has been an emphasis in the use of natural bioindicators to monitor atmospheric quality in both urban and rural environments. Examples of bioindicators are lichens, fish, and mosses. One of the bioindicators that can be used is lichens. Lichens are widely known as an excellent indicator to assess our environment. Lichens play importance roles to forest communities. Lichens represent a rare source of readily digestible food at all times of year and in diverse environments due to their ability to survive in extreme climate condition. More generally, lichens act as pioneer species in barren or disturbed environments; their growth on rock surfaces is one of the primary stages of soil formation in such environments (BrÃÆ' ¥kenhielm, 1998; Cooper, 1953 in Dawson, 2008). Lichens are small, non-vascular plants consisting of a fungus and an alga growing together in one tissue. Normally lichens are found on the bark of trees, or the reindeer lichens growing on the ground, but many other species grow on rocks, fences, roofs, tombstones, and other objects. The characteristic of lichen that sensitive to the changes of the surrounding makes them as an excellent bioindicator s and biomonitors for air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide pollution, since they derive their water and essential nutrients mainly from the atmosphere rather than from the soil. A lot of studies towards lichens had been done related to pollution especially air pollution in most Europen countries and North America Asia. During the period 1973-1988, approximately 1500 papers were published on the effects of air pollution on lichens Richardson (1988) cited in Ahmadjian (1993), and many general reviews of lichens and air pollution have been compiled (Ahmadjian, 1993). The legislation about air quality that they made has been passes through out the countries especially in developing countries where air pollution is bad. In Malaysia, several studies has been conducted (Mokhtar et al., 2006) to determine the heavy metals pollution level using lichen at difference places. From the research, they found out that the sensitivity of lichens towards heavy metals vary from each species. Most of species of lichen have a wide geographical distribution, which allows for a study of pollution covering wide areas and its high capacity to accumulate metals (Burton, 1986). Hutchi nson et al., (1996) stated that lichens do not have seasonal variations and therefore accumulation of pollutants can occur all year-round. Lichens and mosses usually have considerable longevity, which led to their use as long-term integrators of atmospheric deposition (Sloof, 1993). The benefits of using lichens as quantitative biological monitors of air metal deposition compare to conventional air sampling techniques rise from that lichens are present in most terrestrial habitats, are perennial, inexpensive and easy reproduced (Baffi et al., 2002). Problem statement Nowadays the level of heavy metals in the environment increasing day by day as the world becomes much more developed. This is because the uncontrolled released of heavy metals leads to the pollution due to the excessive anthropogenic activities. The continuous loading of heavy metals into inland and coastal water make the situation worsens. Anthropogenic activities such as mining, smelting and agriculture have locally increased the levels of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in soil up to dangerous levels for plants, animals and human beings. Although with the forest around us, the status of heavy metals level quite crucial as the result of human daily activities, dense population area near the forest and also an increasing of the transportation. These activities give adverse effect to the life being as they enter into the environment. Other than that the regulations provided by Malaysian government which is the Env ironmental Quality Act 1974 by Department of Environment, still not fully been forced due to the involvement other parties such as local authority to take action when the level of pollutants exceed the standard given especially in coastal area. This is due to the different department have different responsibilities. Nevertheless these parties can be work together to create a better life. Meanwhile due to the lack of studies towards the lichens in our country, the data obtained can help the local authority in decision making process thus maintained the quality. Besides that, it would help to make an assessment about the environmental condition and perhaps to improve environmental quality status. Objective This study was carried out in order to achieve as the followings: To quantify the heavy metals present in lichens. To evaluate the level of heavy metals in lichens. To establish the correlation of heavy metals pollutants in lichens with the surrounding environment. Significant of study By knowing that different species has different sensitivity towards heavy metals, it allow bettering understanding about the sensitivity of lichens towards heavy metals at surrounding environment. The presence or absences of species in areas can give better understanding about the sensitivity of lichens towards the pollutants. The data obtained also can be used to assess the toxicology effects not only to the lichens but also on human. Heavy metals can very toxic if the level of the pollutants higher than the limited given. The data also can create the distribution patterns of lichens at that place. The pollution level and status place also can be determined. This study provides a reference record for conducting further biomonitoring studies. Thesis organization The determination of heavy metals in lichens as bioindicators is a thesis based on previous research in different sampling location. Overall, this thesis consists of five chapters which are to assist in understanding and ease to organize through writing process. The chapters in this thesis have been organizing as follows: Chapter 2 generally discuss about the used on lichens as bioindicators. In this chapter, it also has detailed explanation on the morphology of lichens that play important role in accumulate heavy metals. It also include the history on the scientific research on lichens, the significant role on absorb the heavy metals and the effects of air pollution and metal pollution towards lichens. Chapter 3 is more focusing on research methodology. In this part, it is divided into three parts which are the description on area of study, sampling collection and lastly laboratory analysis which is the procedure to determine heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Chapter 4 is focusing on the results obtained and discussion. In this chapter, it discuss about the data obtained after analyze by ICP-MS. It also include the statistical tools to analyze the precision of the data obtain in order to have a good data. It also states the results and the data interpretation between the samples. Chapter 5 is the last chapter which is the conclusion. In this part, it concludes for the whole chapter in the thesis. It related on the objective of the study including the recommendation to improve the research on lichens.

Baldwins Stepfather in Notes to a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

The Effects on a Narrative Son From His Stepfather In order to effectively analyze something, it is necessary to thoroughly examine and discuss the subject. James Baldwin does this in his essay â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† by describing his experiences growing up with his stepfather while weaving in discussion. Baldwin’s comments during these breaks in his stories draw conclusions and generalizations about himself, his relationship with his father, and its influence on James Baldwin. He uses this analysis to discover and help the audience understand how he was and is affected by his stepfather. Baldwin’s stepfather was very quiet and remote in his relationships with his children. In his essay, Baldwin presents many stories portraying examples of this which all appear early on in the essay. One of the most important stories about his childhood with his stepfather is when they walk back home from church and have their only meaningful conversation together. Baldwin writes that the opportunities in America are â€Å"thicker† than any other place and as a result of this â€Å"the generation has no time to talk to the first†(63). Unlike this observation by Baldwin, his stepfather didn’t avoid contact with the world because of the available opportunities. Instead, Baldwin’s stepfather kept himself away from his children and the world because of his immense anger and hatred. Baldwin remembers his father â€Å"sitting at the window, locked up in his terrors; hating and fearing every living soul including his children who had betrayed him, to o, by reaching towards the world which had despised him†(66). James Baldwin’s stepfather feels extremely rejected by the world and as a result hates everything in it and in contact with it. He feels betra... ...s to be hatred, as described in earlier passages but in this case Baldwin shows that they are ultimately caused by pride. Baldwin uses his narration and analysis to realize that although he ignored his father during his childhood, he could have benefitted by learning something from his warnings. In the final sentence of the essay Baldwin writes, â€Å"I wished that he had been beside me so that I could have searched his face for the answers which only the future would give me now† (84). Baldwin realizes that through similar experiences he and his stepfather have learned much about the world. He wishes that he could still learn from his stepfather but knows that he must now rely on his future experiences. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

mission statement analysis :: essays research papers

Analysis Of Mission Statements By Group V-(Sankalp) Anupam Jha(51/04) Rahul Jhamb(53/04) Gitartha Bhuyan(57/04) Bikash Tewari Munesh Shyam  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FMS Mission Academic excellence and leadership in university based management education in India through high quality teaching, research, case development, innovative courses and pedagogy of learning. FMS’s vision is to provide world class management education in India through high quality teaching, research, innovative courses & state of the art pedagogy tools. To create leaders for the future that will take India to new heights. To be seen as an institute whose students have sound principles and ethics in them. Components  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score 1. Customers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2. Products/Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 3. Geographic Markets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 4. Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 5. Concern for Survival  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 6. Philosophy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 7. Public Image  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 8. Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 9. Distinctive Competence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Average Score  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.66 IMI,delhi Mission IMI, India provides a world-class, internationally oriented management education with a difference in content, delivery, focus, presence and students. Components  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score 1. Customers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2. Products/Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 3. Geographic Markets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 4. Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 5. Concern for Survival  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 6. Philosophy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 7. Public Image  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 8. Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 9. Distinctive Competence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Average Score  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.55 IIM Ahemadabad Mission IIMA's mission is to help India and other developing countries improve their managerial practices both in the private and in the public sectors, and adopt superior public policies. It seeks to do this through producing risk-taking leader-managers who will pioneer new managerial practices and set new standards; through producing teachers and researchers who will generate new ideas of International significance; and through purposeful consulting aimed at helping client organizations scale new heights. Components  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score 1. Customers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2. Products/Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 3. Geographic Markets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 4. Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 5. Concern for Survival  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 6. Philosophy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 7. Public Image  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 8. Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 9. Distinctive Competence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Average Score  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.77 LBSIM, delhi Mission To develop a center of excellence for value based management and information technology, education and research comparable with the best in the world through continous learning, societal responsiveness and strategic partnership with the industry. Components  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score 1. Customers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2. Products/Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 3. Geographic Markets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 4. Technology  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 5. Concern for Survival  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 6. Philosophy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 7. Public Image  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 8. Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 9. Distinctive Competence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Average Score  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.66 IIFT, Delhi Mission To globally strengthen, sustain and professionalise business knowledge through creative research and teaching and learning and by integrating with organisations, institutions and universities both within and beyond national boundary.

Health Care Inequities for Aboriginal Women Essay -- Health, Access to

Health care inequities for Aboriginal women There are 1.1 million Aboriginal peoples living in Canada as of 1996 and 408,100 of them are women (Statistics Canada, 2000; Dion Stout et al, 2001). More than half live in urban centres and two thirds of those reside in Western Canada (Hanselmann, 2001). Vancouver is comprised of 28,000 Aboriginal people representing 7% of the population (Joseph, 1999). Of this total population, 70% live in Vancouver’s poorest neighbourhood which is the Downtown Eastside (DTES). Health care inequities can be elucidated by the research that identifies the social, economic and political ideologies that reflect aspects of cultural safety (Crandon, 1986; O’Neil, 1989 as cited in Browne & Fiske, 2001). There are various factors that affect the mistreatment of aboriginal peoples as they access health care in local health care facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Aboriginal women face many barriers and are discriminated against as a result based on their visible minority status such as race, gender and class (Gerber, 1990; Dion Stout, 1996; Voyageur, 1996 as cited in Browne & Fiske, 2001). A study done on Aboriginal peoples in Northern B.C. showed high rates of unemployment, underemployment and dependency on social welfare monies (Browne & Fiske, 2001). This continued political economic marginalisation of aboriginal peoples widens the gap between the colonizers and the colonized. The existence of racial profiling of aboriginal peoples by â€Å"Indian s tatus† often fuels more stigmatization of these people because other Canadians who do not see the benefits of compensations received with having this status often can be resentful in what they may perceive is another compensation to aboriginal peoples. The re... ...ir personal encounters with Aboriginal classmates that they might have had in high school. Life experiences, parental upbringing, ethnic roots, social status and education all shape nursing practices. Nurses and other health care professionals are trained in institutions that fail to recognise the socio-political injustices that occur in health care settings. In addition to this, their experiences in their work and in their personal lives and communities, they already have opinions about certain groups of people. â€Å"Cultural safety would encourage nurses to question popular notions of culture and cultural differences, to be more aware of the dominant social assumptions that misrepresent certain people and groups, and to reflect critically on the wider social discourses that inevitably influence nurses’ interpretive perspectives and practices† (Browne, 2009, p. 21).